{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2897031701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103440","title":"An Aquatic Mobile Sensing USV Swarm with a Link Quality-Based Delay Tolerant Network","display_name":"An Aquatic Mobile Sensing USV Swarm with a Link Quality-Based Delay Tolerant Network","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2897031701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103440","mag":"2897031701","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30322143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3440/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3440/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066472022","display_name":"Daniela Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4802-7336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021551324","display_name":"Miguel Lu\u00eds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Lu\u00eds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008921007","display_name":"Susana Sargento","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-8281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Sargento","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-8281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062824074","display_name":"Artur Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-1247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artur Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-1247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066472022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471","https://openalex.org/I60858718"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.012,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75197338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"3440","last_page":"3440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6111834645271301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.5488336086273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.5196213126182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.490833580493927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47655585408210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4561641812324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.43817681074142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4016905725002289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1319843828678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6111834645271301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.5488336086273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.5196213126182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.490833580493927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47655585408210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4561641812324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.43817681074142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4016905725002289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1319843828678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3440/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30322143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30322143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c680fd6e756b4bf99e929bd4e3ccffea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c680fd6e756b4bf99e929bd4e3ccffea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 10, p 3440 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5161918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6210362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/10/3440/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6210362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6210362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18103440","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103440","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/10/3440/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537923591","https://openalex.org/W1572481965","https://openalex.org/W1838610410","https://openalex.org/W1864938698","https://openalex.org/W1929761244","https://openalex.org/W1964905304","https://openalex.org/W1969253754","https://openalex.org/W1976688311","https://openalex.org/W1998913679","https://openalex.org/W2019185972","https://openalex.org/W2021497904","https://openalex.org/W2023289277","https://openalex.org/W2023884451","https://openalex.org/W2031404716","https://openalex.org/W2062849039","https://openalex.org/W2085093677","https://openalex.org/W2088867600","https://openalex.org/W2137270148","https://openalex.org/W2166406195","https://openalex.org/W2320098374","https://openalex.org/W2468894387","https://openalex.org/W2563150812","https://openalex.org/W2611912917","https://openalex.org/W2732548057","https://openalex.org/W2748324963","https://openalex.org/W2787830047","https://openalex.org/W2797774093","https://openalex.org/W4376550401","https://openalex.org/W6744740065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288714711","https://openalex.org/W3200708550","https://openalex.org/W2771637876","https://openalex.org/W2736680465","https://openalex.org/W4294093918","https://openalex.org/W4240853094","https://openalex.org/W2810496283","https://openalex.org/W2170656329","https://openalex.org/W3131977017","https://openalex.org/W2889526077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Smart":[1,28],"City":[2,29],"concept":[3],"is":[4,88,105,110],"starting":[5],"to":[6,90,130],"extend":[7],"into":[8],"maritime":[9],"environments":[10,41],"alongside":[11],"with":[12,56],"the":[13,22,76,85,92,132,135],"increase":[14],"of":[15,35,59,69,134],"Unmanned":[16],"Surface":[17],"Vehicles":[18],"(USV)":[19],"models":[20],"on":[21],"market.":[23],"Consequently,":[24],"by":[25],"joining":[26],"both":[27,120],"and":[30,37,107,122,128,139],"USV":[31],"technologies,":[32],"a":[33,47,57,63,81,96],"set":[34,68],"platforms":[36],"applications":[38],"for":[39,53],"aquatic":[40,49,116],"are":[42],"emerging.":[43],"This":[44],"work":[45],"proposes":[46],"low-cost":[48],"mobile":[50,93],"sensing":[51],"platform":[52],"data":[54],"gathering":[55],"swarm":[58],"USVs":[60],"communicating":[61],"through":[62,112],"Delay-Tolerant":[64],"Network":[65],"(DTN).":[66],"A":[67,99],"DTN":[70],"link":[71],"quality-based":[72],"routing":[73,137],"strategies":[74],"select":[75],"best":[77],"quality":[78],"path":[79],"in":[80,95],"dynamic":[82],"approach":[83,104],"so":[84],"sensed":[86],"information":[87],"able":[89],"reach":[91],"gateway":[94],"reliable":[97],"way.":[98],"Link":[100],"Quality":[101],"Estimation":[102],"(LQE)":[103],"proposed":[106,127,136],"its":[108],"accuracy":[109],"evaluated":[111],"real":[113,141],"experimentation.":[114],"An":[115],"simulation":[117],"environment,":[118],"considering":[119],"navigation":[121],"communication":[123],"layers,":[124],"was":[125],"also":[126],"used":[129],"evaluate":[131],"performance":[133,143],"strategies,":[138],"complement":[140],"environment":[142],"studies.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}