{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890301605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093128","title":"Finite Element Calculation with Experimental Verification for a Free-Flooded Transducer Based on Fluid Cavity Structure","display_name":"Finite Element Calculation with Experimental Verification for a Free-Flooded Transducer Based on Fluid Cavity Structure","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890301605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093128","mag":"2890301605","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30227615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18093128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/3128/pdf?version=1537171483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/3128/pdf?version=1537171483","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103239908","display_name":"Zhengyao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-3589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101577811","display_name":"Geng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-9199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377599","display_name":"Yun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6521-0445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693850","display_name":"Kan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7796-1148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058214064","display_name":"Wenqiang Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqiang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103239908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.1957,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57215243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"3128","last_page":"3128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.9069547653198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.7772082090377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.7542335987091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.7003355026245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6870946884155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-transducer","display_name":"Smart transducer","score":0.5236770510673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.47695696353912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.4691292941570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cavitation","display_name":"Cavitation","score":0.433922678232193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrostatic-pressure","display_name":"Hydrostatic pressure","score":0.4253697991371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3353468179702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.23907184600830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18405020236968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.15079402923583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12537157535552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.12418621778488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12291902303695679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.9069547653198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.7772082090377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.7542335987091064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.7003355026245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6870946884155273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135984084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544087","display_name":"Smart transducer","level":3,"score":0.5236770510673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47695696353912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.4691292941570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207057113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201666","display_name":"Cavitation","level":2,"score":0.433922678232193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910081258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177807","display_name":"Hydrostatic pressure","level":2,"score":0.4253697991371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3353468179702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.23907184600830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18405020236968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.15079402923583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12537157535552979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12418621778488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12291902303695679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18093128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/3128/pdf?version=1537171483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30227615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30227615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5e9a2670354649e99d7a01802f576851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5e9a2670354649e99d7a01802f576851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 3128 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5126124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6163681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/9/3128/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6163681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6163681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18093128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093128","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/3128/pdf?version=1537171483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1245527738","display_name":"\u5f3a\u8026\u5408\u6c34\u58f0\u6362\u80fd\u5668\u9635\u53d1\u5c04\u8d85\u6307\u5411\u6027\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11574251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309475","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890301605.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890301605.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988392170","https://openalex.org/W1996024252","https://openalex.org/W2044054337","https://openalex.org/W2069119937","https://openalex.org/W2080237548","https://openalex.org/W2140672252","https://openalex.org/W2272765610","https://openalex.org/W2566010097","https://openalex.org/W4239481651","https://openalex.org/W4302398964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362420681","https://openalex.org/W2350888815","https://openalex.org/W2323417499","https://openalex.org/W4206782192","https://openalex.org/W2389082125","https://openalex.org/W1964331107","https://openalex.org/W2808280042","https://openalex.org/W3198175695","https://openalex.org/W4233253194","https://openalex.org/W2164675997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"free-flooded":[1,162],"transducer":[2,11,24,64,75,89,110,155],"that":[3],"couples":[4],"the":[5,13,23,52,57,63,68,74,79,88,93,99,102,109,116,120,135,144,147,150,154,157,161,168],"vibration":[6,10],"of":[7,16,62,73,87,101,108,119,143,149,153,160],"a":[8,28,106,140],"longitudinal":[9],"and":[12,32,59,78,84,113,115,138,172],"fluid":[14,29],"cavity":[15,30],"an":[17,125],"aluminum":[18,163],"ring":[19,164],"was":[20,76,111,122,165],"investigated.":[21],"Given":[22],"is":[25,47],"based":[26],"on":[27],"structure":[31,58],"has":[33],"no":[34],"air":[35],"cavity,":[36],"it":[37],"can":[38],"resist":[39],"high":[40],"hydrostatic":[41],"pressure":[42],"when":[43],"working":[44,60],"underwater,":[45],"which":[46],"suitable":[48],"for":[49],"application":[50],"in":[51,124],"deep":[53],"sea.":[54],"At":[55],"first,":[56],"principle":[61],"were":[65,90,132],"introduced.":[66],"Then,":[67],"axisymmetric":[69],"finite":[70,94,103,169],"element":[71,95,104,170],"model":[72],"established;":[77],"transmitting":[80],"voltage":[81],"response,":[82],"admittance,":[83],"radiation":[85,151],"directivity":[86,152],"simulated":[91],"using":[92,167],"method.":[96],"According":[97],"to":[98],"size":[100],"model,":[105],"prototype":[107,121],"designed":[112],"fabricated,":[114],"electro-acoustic":[117],"performance":[118,142],"measured":[123],"anechoic":[126],"water":[127],"tank.":[128],"The":[129],"experimental":[130],"results":[131,137],"consistent":[133],"with":[134],"simulation":[136],"showed":[139],"good":[141],"transducer.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"improvement":[148],"by":[156,174],"optimal":[158],"design":[159],"obtained":[166],"method":[171],"verified":[173],"experiments.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
