{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2890532160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093021","title":"Edge Computing Based IoT Architecture for Low Cost Air Pollution Monitoring Systems: A Comprehensive System Analysis, Design Considerations & Development","display_name":"Edge Computing Based IoT Architecture for Low Cost Air Pollution Monitoring Systems: A Comprehensive System Analysis, Design Considerations & Development","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2890532160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093021","mag":"2890532160","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30201864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18093021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/3021/pdf?version=1536649231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/3021/pdf?version=1536649231","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064739608","display_name":"Zeba Idrees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-0440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeba Idrees","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043039025","display_name":"Zhuo Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-1329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101565820","display_name":"Li\u2010Rong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9588-0239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lirong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043039025","https://openalex.org/A5101565820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.9432,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":138,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96150579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"3021","last_page":"3021"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5814263224601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.5011522769927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4653767943382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4645293653011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"Air pollution","score":0.4276086688041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.42188602685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.4164561629295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4151889681816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35538309812545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3451225161552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21046584844589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.09927055239677429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5814263224601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.5011522769927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4653767943382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4645293653011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.4276086688041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42188602685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4164561629295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4151889681816101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35538309812545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3451225161552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21046584844589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09927055239677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18093021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/3021/pdf?version=1536649231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30201864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30201864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fa29432de73547fa860fc0cda6c7e3e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fa29432de73547fa860fc0cda6c7e3e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 3021 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5126155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6163730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/9/3021/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6163730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6163730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18093021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093021","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/3021/pdf?version=1536649231","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G768327336","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u538b\u7f29\u91c7\u6837\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u65e0\u7ebf\u611f\u77e5\u63a5\u53e3\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890532160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2890532160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996344687","https://openalex.org/W2150015649","https://openalex.org/W2190345096","https://openalex.org/W2205826325","https://openalex.org/W2325723732","https://openalex.org/W2362350057","https://openalex.org/W2465461484","https://openalex.org/W2472333518","https://openalex.org/W2487770051","https://openalex.org/W2488526296","https://openalex.org/W2491777287","https://openalex.org/W2517744845","https://openalex.org/W2529373993","https://openalex.org/W2538968690","https://openalex.org/W2540849296","https://openalex.org/W2550657439","https://openalex.org/W2570377440","https://openalex.org/W2572306074","https://openalex.org/W2578872054","https://openalex.org/W2580051904","https://openalex.org/W2586472645","https://openalex.org/W2607311054","https://openalex.org/W2689235043","https://openalex.org/W2735019975","https://openalex.org/W2742174786","https://openalex.org/W2744340972","https://openalex.org/W2767124597","https://openalex.org/W2772687980","https://openalex.org/W2773302979","https://openalex.org/W2776933074","https://openalex.org/W2782087608","https://openalex.org/W2782545064","https://openalex.org/W2782842429","https://openalex.org/W2783783042","https://openalex.org/W2786124984","https://openalex.org/W2786196050","https://openalex.org/W2787140735","https://openalex.org/W2787585833","https://openalex.org/W3002280223","https://openalex.org/W4233038971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660","https://openalex.org/W4238100021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,35,50,68,71,78,89,95,101,106,117,137,156,217,220,242,273],"swift":[2],"growth":[3],"in":[4,8,110,149,200],"commerce":[5],"and":[6,31,40,55,59,75,113,125,140,169,182,204,246],"transportation":[7],"modern":[10],"civilization,":[11],"much":[12],"attention":[13],"has":[14,177],"been":[15],"paid":[16],"to":[17,27,76,87,116,163,196,205,215,240,257,271],"air":[18,62,90,107],"quality":[19,63,91,108],"monitoring,":[20],"however":[21],"existing":[22,72],"monitoring":[23,64,73,92],"systems":[24,74],"are":[25],"unable":[26],"provide":[28],"sufficient":[29],"spatial":[30],"temporal":[32],"resolutions":[33],"of":[34,57,70,219],"data":[36,109,180,225,235],"with":[37,172,259],"cost":[38,202],"efficient":[39],"real":[41,111],"time":[42,112],"solutions.":[43],"In":[44,100,232],"this":[45,81],"paper":[46,82],"we":[47],"have":[48],"investigated":[49],"issues,":[51],"infrastructure,":[52],"computational":[53,157],"complexity,":[54],"procedures":[56],"designing":[58],"implementing":[60],"real-time":[61],"systems.":[65],"To":[66],"daze":[67],"defects":[69],"decrease":[77],"overall":[79],"cost,":[80],"devised":[83],"a":[84,151,234,252,260],"novel":[85],"approach":[86],"implement":[88],"system,":[93],"employing":[94],"edge-computing":[96],"based":[97],"Internet-of-Things":[98],"(IoT).":[99],"proposed":[102],"method,":[103],"sensors":[104,221],"gather":[105],"transmit":[114],"it":[115,154,171,189],"edge":[118,173],"computing":[119,174],"device":[120,175],"that":[121,153,165,176],"performs":[122],"necessary":[123],"processing":[124],"analysis.":[126],"The":[127],"complete":[128],"infrastructure":[129],"&":[130],"prototype":[131],"for":[132],"evaluation":[133],"is":[134,147,166,190,212,238],"developed":[135],"over":[136,159],"Arduino":[138],"board":[139],"IBM":[141],"Watson":[142],"IoT":[143],"platform.":[144],"Our":[145,249],"model":[146,250],"structured":[148],"such":[150],"way":[152],"reduces":[155],"burden":[158],"sensing":[160],"nodes":[161],"(reduced":[162],"70%)":[164],"battery":[167],"powered":[168,185],"balanced":[170],"its":[178],"local":[179],"base":[181],"can":[183],"be":[184],"up":[186,214,256],"directly":[187],"as":[188],"deployed":[191],"indoor.":[192],"Algorithms":[193],"were":[194,266],"employed":[195],"avoid":[197],"temporary":[198],"errors":[199],"low":[201,262],"sensor,":[203],"manage":[206],"cross":[207],"sensitivity":[208],"problems.":[209],"Automatic":[210],"calibration":[211],"set":[213],"ensure":[216],"accuracy":[218,226],"reporting,":[222],"hence":[223],"achieving":[224],"around":[227],"75\u207b80%":[228],"under":[229,268],"different":[230,269],"circumstances.":[231],"addition,":[233],"transmission":[236],"strategy":[237],"applied":[239],"minimize":[241],"redundant":[243],"network":[244],"traffic":[245],"power":[247,253],"consumption.":[248],"acquires":[251],"consumption":[254],"reduction":[255],"23%":[258],"significant":[261],"cost.":[263],"Experimental":[264],"evaluations":[265],"performed":[267],"scenarios":[270],"validate":[272],"system's":[274],"effectiveness.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}