{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888746312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092764","title":"Delay-Bounded and Cost-Limited RSU Deployment in Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","display_name":"Delay-Bounded and Cost-Limited RSU Deployment in Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888746312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092764","mag":"2888746312","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30135403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18092764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092764","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2764/pdf?version=1535287425","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2764/pdf?version=1535287425","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012369858","display_name":"Huanhuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-2543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huanhuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-2543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100874586","display_name":"Zongpu Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zongpu Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018455296","display_name":"Guojun Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100874586"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5708,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84308851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"9","first_page":"2764","last_page":"2764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7058911323547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.576585054397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.5303953886032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.51223224401474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.5108482241630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.48325735330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4701167643070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.444631427526474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greedy-algorithm","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","score":0.431275874376297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.41750502586364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33997100591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2792837619781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17962467670440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13805940747261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0946313738822937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7058911323547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.576585054397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.5303953886032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.51223224401474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.5108482241630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.48325735330581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4701167643070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.444631427526474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51823790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504353","display_name":"Greedy algorithm","level":2,"score":0.431275874376297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41750502586364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33997100591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2792837619781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17962467670440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13805940747261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0946313738822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18092764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092764","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2764/pdf?version=1535287425","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30135403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30135403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f88530d2d3e40f0bb50b49155d2d90a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f88530d2d3e40f0bb50b49155d2d90a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 9, p 2764 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5126138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6163701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/9/2764/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6163701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6163701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18092764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092764","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2764/pdf?version=1535287425","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G967943222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61300124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2888746312.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2888746312.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1126953487","https://openalex.org/W1541753754","https://openalex.org/W1583510946","https://openalex.org/W1971027653","https://openalex.org/W1977786245","https://openalex.org/W1982002312","https://openalex.org/W1989927320","https://openalex.org/W1997976431","https://openalex.org/W2003096576","https://openalex.org/W2009777408","https://openalex.org/W2016988279","https://openalex.org/W2025077784","https://openalex.org/W2031670474","https://openalex.org/W2052748263","https://openalex.org/W2071211384","https://openalex.org/W2080748164","https://openalex.org/W2083332736","https://openalex.org/W2100946190","https://openalex.org/W2110041316","https://openalex.org/W2162745921","https://openalex.org/W2267395708","https://openalex.org/W2355446869","https://openalex.org/W2399090900","https://openalex.org/W2490051280","https://openalex.org/W2536494404","https://openalex.org/W2586734364","https://openalex.org/W2788366031","https://openalex.org/W2790501636","https://openalex.org/W2797682489","https://openalex.org/W4301173492","https://openalex.org/W6693812672","https://openalex.org/W6723175348","https://openalex.org/W7005683839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481410647","https://openalex.org/W4295205538","https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W2771454953","https://openalex.org/W3046762796","https://openalex.org/W3202102306","https://openalex.org/W3046260513","https://openalex.org/W2998294818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1],"auxiliary":[2],"facility,":[3],"roadside":[4],"units":[5],"(RSUs)":[6],"can":[7],"well":[8],"improve":[9],"the":[10,47,58,68,97,111,132,164,180],"shortcomings":[11],"incurred":[12],"by":[13,102],"ad":[14,24],"hoc":[15,25],"networks":[16],"and":[17,40,61,70,87,114,145,157,193,206],"promote":[18,179],"network":[19,26],"performance":[20],"in":[21,76,184],"a":[22,30,51,88,115,141,172,201],"vehicular":[23],"(VANET).":[27],"However,":[28],"deploying":[29,55,103],"large":[31],"number":[32,98],"of":[33,99,166],"RSUs":[34,56],"will":[35],"lead":[36],"to":[37,45,95,109,122,131,136,150,158,178],"high":[38],"installation":[39],"maintenance":[41],"costs.":[42],"Therefore,":[43],"trying":[44],"find":[46],"best":[48,181],"locations":[49],"is":[50,82,93,107,120,129,148,176,187],"key":[52],"issue":[53],"when":[54],"with":[57,163,211],"set":[59],"delay":[60],"budget.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66],"study":[67],"delay-bounded":[69],"cost-limited":[71],"RSU":[72],"deployment":[73],"(DBCL)":[74],"problem":[75],"urban":[77],"VANET.":[78],"We":[79],"prove":[80],"it":[81],"non-deterministic":[83],"polynomial-time":[84],"hard":[85],"(NP-hard),":[86],"binary":[89,116,124],"differential":[90,117],"evolution":[91],"scheme":[92],"proposed":[94,198],"maximize":[96],"roads":[100],"covered":[101],"RSUs.":[104],"Opposite-based":[105],"learning":[106],"introduced":[108],"initialize":[110],"first":[112],"generation,":[113],"mutation":[118],"operator":[119,135],"designed":[121],"obtain":[123],"coding.":[125],"A":[126],"random":[127],"variable":[128],"added":[130],"traditional":[133],"crossover":[134],"increase":[137],"population":[138],"diversity.":[139],"Also,":[140],"greedy-based":[142],"individual":[143],"reparation":[144],"promotion":[146,174],"algorithm":[147,175,199],"adopted":[149],"repair":[151],"infeasible":[152],"solutions":[153,162],"violating":[154],"given":[155,167],"constraints,":[156],"gain":[159],"optimal":[160],"feasible":[161],"compromise":[165],"limits.":[168],"Moreover,":[169],"after":[170],"selection,":[171],"solution":[173,182],"executed":[177],"found":[183],"generation.":[185],"Simulation":[186],"performed":[188],"on":[189],"analog":[190],"trajectories":[191],"sets,":[192],"results":[194],"show":[195],"that":[196],"our":[197],"has":[200],"higher":[202],"road":[203],"coverage":[204],"ratio":[205],"lower":[207],"packet":[208],"loss":[209],"compared":[210],"other":[212],"schemes.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
