{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886313871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082470","title":"Wireless Positioning in IoT: A Look at Current and Future Trends","display_name":"Wireless Positioning in IoT: A Look at Current and Future Trends","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886313871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082470","mag":"2886313871","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30061535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18082470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082470","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2470/pdf?version=1533027599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2470/pdf?version=1533027599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080327373","display_name":"Pedro Figueiredo e Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-4297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Figueiredo e Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, Tampere 33720, Finland","Wirepas, Visiokatu 4, Tampere 33720, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-4297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, Tampere 33720, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wirepas, Visiokatu 4, Tampere 33720, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023399963","display_name":"Ville Kaseva","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ville Kaseva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wirepas, Visiokatu 4, Tampere 33720, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wirepas, Visiokatu 4, Tampere 33720, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063382658","display_name":"Elena Simona Lohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-6924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Simona Lohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, Tampere 33720, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1718-6924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, Tampere 33720, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080327373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.4664,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93250992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"2470","last_page":"2470"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.709317684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6444235444068909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5687341690063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.48115575313568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4771118462085724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46168962121009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4471186697483063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.44460082054138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4027675986289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32079970836639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25485527515411377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.709317684173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6444235444068909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5687341690063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.48115575313568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4771118462085724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46168962121009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4471186697483063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.44460082054138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4027675986289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32079970836639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25485527515411377}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18082470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082470","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2470/pdf?version=1533027599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30061535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30061535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db6a1c856a5948f8bc6ed71685731dbf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db6a1c856a5948f8bc6ed71685731dbf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 8, p 2470 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5064919","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6111536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/8/2470/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6111536","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6111536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/214329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/214329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401860","display_name":"Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I150589677","host_organization_name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150589677"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18082470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082470","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2470/pdf?version=1533027599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3726376754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"313039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6444756626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"316528","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338368","funder_display_name":"FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7326881794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"303576","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338368","display_name":"FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592233008","https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W2005254656","https://openalex.org/W2020468794","https://openalex.org/W2070434033","https://openalex.org/W2112668603","https://openalex.org/W2269623880","https://openalex.org/W2313528934","https://openalex.org/W2341433667","https://openalex.org/W2562522049","https://openalex.org/W2588025843","https://openalex.org/W2590450135","https://openalex.org/W2594569362","https://openalex.org/W2595115180","https://openalex.org/W2605943641","https://openalex.org/W2607588253","https://openalex.org/W2613032697","https://openalex.org/W2693203294","https://openalex.org/W2725684865","https://openalex.org/W2734369786","https://openalex.org/W2734677282","https://openalex.org/W2735745074","https://openalex.org/W2750872172","https://openalex.org/W2756080681","https://openalex.org/W2765386572","https://openalex.org/W2962691290","https://openalex.org/W2963441279","https://openalex.org/W3100991887","https://openalex.org/W3122057487","https://openalex.org/W7053625123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162200841","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W2586280620","https://openalex.org/W2805505483","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2384744344","https://openalex.org/W1799694159","https://openalex.org/W2393169196","https://openalex.org/W2366610330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Connectivity":[0],"solutions":[1],"for":[2,86,113,124,141],"the":[3,11,70,97,101,118,136,190],"Internet":[4],"of":[5,33,69,72,81,100,130,138,148,157],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"aim":[8],"to":[9,40,120,134,145],"support":[10],"needs":[12,99],"imposed":[13],"by":[14],"several":[15,168],"applications":[16,35,143],"or":[17,29,47],"use":[18],"cases":[19],"across":[20],"multiple":[21],"sectors,":[22],"such":[23,42],"as":[24,43,110],"logistics,":[25],"agriculture,":[26],"asset":[27],"management,":[28],"smart":[30],"lighting.":[31],"Each":[32],"these":[34],"has":[36],"its":[37,94],"own":[38],"challenges":[39],"solve,":[41],"dealing":[44],"with":[45,167],"large":[46],"massive":[48],"networks,":[49],"low":[50],"and":[51,76,144,150,163,173],"ultra-low":[52],"latency":[53],"requirements,":[54],"long":[55],"battery":[56],"life":[57],"requirements":[58],"(i.e.,":[59],"more":[60],"than":[61],"ten":[62],"years":[63],"operation":[64],"on":[65,91,181],"battery),":[66],"continuously":[67],"monitoring":[68],"location":[71],"certain":[73,88],"nodes,":[74],"security,":[75],"authentication.":[77],"Hence,":[78],"a":[79,83,87,111],"part":[80],"picking":[82],"connectivity":[84,153],"solution":[85],"application":[89],"depends":[90],"how":[92],"well":[93],"features":[95,140],"solve":[96],"specific":[98],"end":[102],"application.":[103],"One":[104],"key":[105],"feature":[106],"that":[107,177],"we":[108],"see":[109],"need":[112],"future":[114],"IoT":[115,126,142],"networks":[116],"is":[117,133,185],"ability":[119],"provide":[121,146],"location-based":[122],"information":[123],"large-scale":[125],"applications.":[127],"The":[128],"goal":[129],"this":[131],"paper":[132],"highlight":[135],"importance":[137],"positioning":[139,159,179],"means":[147],"comparing":[149],"evaluating":[151],"different":[152],"protocols":[154],"in":[155],"terms":[156],"their":[158],"capabilities.":[160],"Our":[161],"compact":[162],"unified":[164],"analysis":[165],"ends":[166],"case":[169],"studies,":[170],"both":[171],"simulation-based":[172],"measurement-based,":[174],"which":[175],"show":[176],"high":[178],"accuracy":[180],"low-cost":[182],"low-power":[183],"devices":[184],"feasible":[186],"if":[187],"one":[188],"designs":[189],"system":[191],"properly.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}