{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886192079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082452","title":"Accurate Collaborative Globally-Referenced Digital Mapping with Standard GNSS","display_name":"Accurate Collaborative Globally-Referenced Digital Mapping with Standard GNSS","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886192079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082452","mag":"2886192079","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30060582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18082452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2452/pdf?version=1533797626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2452/pdf?version=1533797626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032174896","display_name":"Lakshay Narula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8858-4244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lakshay Narula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8858-4244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060898142","display_name":"James M Wooten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Wooten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079598881","display_name":"Matthew J. Murrian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-8904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Murrian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080326767","display_name":"Daniel M. LaChapelle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4941-8328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel LaChapelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026955319","display_name":"Todd E. Humphreys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-6988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032174896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.0472,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78489623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"8","first_page":"2452","last_page":"2452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9376947283744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6981269121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.696991503238678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5419799089431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47573208808898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.43156737089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.4271453619003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.42081761360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.345694363117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23088335990905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15179288387298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11567282676696777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9376947283744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6981269121170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.696991503238678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5419799089431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47573208808898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.43156737089157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.4271453619003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.42081761360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.345694363117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23088335990905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15179288387298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11567282676696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18082452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2452/pdf?version=1533797626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30060582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30060582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4fc642b4bf9949739a46602bf8764330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4fc642b4bf9949739a46602bf8764330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 8, p 2452 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5064792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6111300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/8/2452/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6111300","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6111300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18082452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2452/pdf?version=1533797626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334240","display_name":"Data-Supported Transportation Operations and Planning Center, University of Texas at Austin","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886192079.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2886192079.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15863299","https://openalex.org/W49679257","https://openalex.org/W179122090","https://openalex.org/W612478963","https://openalex.org/W824395365","https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1536078990","https://openalex.org/W1544174033","https://openalex.org/W1612997784","https://openalex.org/W1616930652","https://openalex.org/W1627400044","https://openalex.org/W1863471956","https://openalex.org/W1875235752","https://openalex.org/W1969608025","https://openalex.org/W1973293707","https://openalex.org/W1996246022","https://openalex.org/W1996887797","https://openalex.org/W2013454323","https://openalex.org/W2021063678","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2029557308","https://openalex.org/W2032684600","https://openalex.org/W2037971631","https://openalex.org/W2046918204","https://openalex.org/W2060242247","https://openalex.org/W2075024563","https://openalex.org/W2076413875","https://openalex.org/W2076917298","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2091790851","https://openalex.org/W2102233102","https://openalex.org/W2103216907","https://openalex.org/W2113216086","https://openalex.org/W2125543527","https://openalex.org/W2125871653","https://openalex.org/W2127518180","https://openalex.org/W2134691634","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2154280780","https://openalex.org/W2157158679","https://openalex.org/W2188092561","https://openalex.org/W2203827356","https://openalex.org/W2402146266","https://openalex.org/W2411824813","https://openalex.org/W2414238162","https://openalex.org/W2471451850","https://openalex.org/W2535547924","https://openalex.org/W2587967586","https://openalex.org/W2604283786","https://openalex.org/W2625567107","https://openalex.org/W2765955268","https://openalex.org/W2807681222","https://openalex.org/W2963706687","https://openalex.org/W3102327032","https://openalex.org/W3103648783","https://openalex.org/W3146408787","https://openalex.org/W3150636766","https://openalex.org/W4241435768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197004465","https://openalex.org/W2998303370","https://openalex.org/W3104880495","https://openalex.org/W4389860168","https://openalex.org/W2525440477","https://openalex.org/W2201305964","https://openalex.org/W2091251439","https://openalex.org/W2109997931","https://openalex.org/W2374813830","https://openalex.org/W3189177304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exchange":[0],"of":[1,16,34,86,97],"location":[2],"and":[3,8,58,65,107,162,167],"sensor":[4],"data":[5,109],"among":[6],"connected":[7],"automated":[9,27],"vehicles":[10],"will":[11],"demand":[12],"accurate":[13,114],"global":[14],"referencing":[15],"the":[17,32,41,83,87,120,135,150],"digital":[18,115,156],"maps":[19,157],"currently":[20],"being":[21],"developed":[22],"to":[23,71,81,110,171],"aid":[24],"positioning":[25],"for":[26],"driving.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"explores":[31],"limit":[33],"such":[35],"maps'":[36],"globally-referenced":[37,61],"position":[38,147],"accuracy":[39,141],"when":[40],"mapping":[42,66,116,125,160],"agents":[43],"are":[44,102],"equipped":[45],"with":[46,127,169],"low-cost":[47],"Global":[48],"Navigation":[49],"Satellite":[50],"System":[51],"(GNSS)":[52],"receivers":[53],"performing":[54],"standard":[55,92,128,145],"code-phase-based":[56],"navigation,":[57],"presents":[59],"a":[60],"electro-optical":[62],"simultaneous":[63],"localization":[64],"pipeline,":[67],"called":[68],"GEOSLAM,":[69],"designed":[70],"achieve":[72],"this":[73,140],"limit.":[74],"The":[75],"key":[76],"accuracy-limiting":[77],"factor":[78],"is":[79,117],"shown":[80],"be":[82],"asymptotic":[84],"average":[85],"error":[88,100],"sources":[89],"that":[90,112],"impair":[91],"GNSS":[93,99,146,173],"positioning.":[94],"Asymptotic":[95],"statistics":[96],"each":[98],"source":[101],"analyzed":[103],"through":[104],"both":[105],"simulation":[106],"empirical":[108],"show":[111],"sub-50-cm":[113],"feasible":[118],"in":[119,134,149],"horizontal":[121],"plane":[122],"after":[123],"multiple":[124,159],"sessions":[126],"GNSS,":[129],"but":[130],"larger":[131],"biases":[132],"persist":[133],"vertical":[136],"direction.":[137],"GEOSLAM":[138],"achieves":[139],"by":[142],"(i)":[143],"incorporating":[144],"estimates":[148],"visual":[151],"SLAM":[152],"framework,":[153],"(ii)":[154],"merging":[155],"from":[158],"sessions,":[161],"(iii)":[163],"jointly":[164],"optimizing":[165],"structure":[166],"motion":[168],"respect":[170],"time-separated":[172],"measurements.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}