{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884325279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072386","title":"Supplemental Boosting and Cascaded ConvNet Based Transfer Learning Structure for Fast Traffic Sign Detection in Unknown Application Scenes","display_name":"Supplemental Boosting and Cascaded ConvNet Based Transfer Learning Structure for Fast Traffic Sign Detection in Unknown Application Scenes","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884325279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072386","mag":"2884325279","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30037154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072386","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2386/pdf?version=1532265097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"supplementary-materials","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2386/pdf?version=1532265097","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065058741","display_name":"Chunsheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunsheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-2486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415971","display_name":"Shuang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070332088","display_name":"Faliang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Faliang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji\u2019nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732484","display_name":"Wenhui Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-8951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165547","display_name":"Dezhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mnjs436","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165547"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165547"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070332088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"2386","last_page":"2386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.9366782903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.9356576204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.8197586536407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7391573786735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7250455617904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5860662460327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5573538541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47643619775772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4657346308231354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4503062665462494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.15868958830833435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.9366782903671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.9356576204299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.8197586536407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7391573786735535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7250455617904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5860662460327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5573538541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47643619775772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4657346308231354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4503062665462494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.15868958830833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072386","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2386/pdf?version=1532265097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30037154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30037154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fb6dcd7fb204b6eb69f45c18a3e5a94","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9fb6dcd7fb204b6eb69f45c18a3e5a94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 2386 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5027999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6068723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/7/2386/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072386","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2386/pdf?version=1532265097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3161013335","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017BF004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3201451183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M610423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4464827283","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673244","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6770583703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016KJRC04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323303","funder_display_name":"Dezhou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7846694986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M610423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8946202518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61703240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323303","display_name":"Dezhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mnjs436"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884325279.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884325279.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1566134554","https://openalex.org/W1934410531","https://openalex.org/W1965484410","https://openalex.org/W1978736542","https://openalex.org/W1979428660","https://openalex.org/W1986013514","https://openalex.org/W1989454313","https://openalex.org/W1998871722","https://openalex.org/W2002427601","https://openalex.org/W2046796782","https://openalex.org/W2052533453","https://openalex.org/W2073800658","https://openalex.org/W2104497863","https://openalex.org/W2110591696","https://openalex.org/W2116225936","https://openalex.org/W2121680631","https://openalex.org/W2126628495","https://openalex.org/W2127550692","https://openalex.org/W2131171972","https://openalex.org/W2140670173","https://openalex.org/W2148478297","https://openalex.org/W2150843659","https://openalex.org/W2153567777","https://openalex.org/W2169696215","https://openalex.org/W2170597348","https://openalex.org/W2185813266","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2404062328","https://openalex.org/W2510352715","https://openalex.org/W2543164934","https://openalex.org/W2564790728","https://openalex.org/W2770937285","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6631781440","https://openalex.org/W6682257994","https://openalex.org/W6684986104","https://openalex.org/W6713512796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327035729","https://openalex.org/W2348748958","https://openalex.org/W3039673966","https://openalex.org/W1538046993","https://openalex.org/W1570592793","https://openalex.org/W1525436954","https://openalex.org/W2385662756","https://openalex.org/W2585372724","https://openalex.org/W2241444561","https://openalex.org/W1502951582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,123],"rapid":[1],"calculation":[2],"speed":[3],"and":[4,65,104,118,153,161],"relatively":[5],"high":[6,159],"accuracy,":[7],"the":[8,29,35,87,107,110,115,124,131,134,141,149,176,190,199],"AdaBoost-based":[9,30,84,111,135],"detection":[10,31,116,164,170,179],"framework":[11,32,201],"has":[12],"been":[13],"successfully":[14],"applied":[15],"in":[16,172,206],"some":[17],"real":[18],"applications":[19],"of":[20,28,62,89,109],"machine":[21],"vision-based":[22],"intelligent":[23,173],"systems.":[24],"The":[25,74,99,145],"main":[26],"shortcoming":[27],"is":[33,68,78,102,181],"that":[34,198],"off-line":[36],"trained":[37],"detector":[38,85,92,112,136,146,152,156],"cannot":[39],"be":[40,138],"transfer":[41,54],"retrained":[42,139,150],"to":[43,45,70,80,93,95,106,183],"adapt":[44,94],"unknown":[46,96,207],"application":[47,97,208],"scenes.":[48,98,209],"In":[49],"this":[50,72],"paper,":[51],"a":[52,91,162,167],"new":[53],"learning":[55],"structure":[56],"based":[57],"on":[58],"two":[59],"novel":[60],"methods":[61],"supplemental":[63,75,120,126,142],"boosting":[64,76,143],"cascaded":[66,100,132,154],"ConvNet":[67,101,155],"proposed":[69,79,200],"address":[71],"shortcoming.":[73],"method":[77],"supplementally":[81],"retrain":[82],"an":[83],"for":[86,113],"purpose":[88],"transferring":[90],"designed":[103],"attached":[105],"end":[108],"improving":[114],"rate":[117],"collecting":[119],"training":[121,127],"samples.":[122],"added":[125],"samples":[128],"provided":[129],"by":[130],"ConvNet,":[133],"can":[137,157,202],"with":[140,148,189],"method.":[144,186],"combined":[147],"boosted":[151],"achieve":[158],"accuracy":[160],"short":[163],"time.":[165],"As":[166],"representative":[168],"object":[169],"problem":[171,180],"transportation":[174],"systems,":[175],"traffic":[177],"sign":[178],"chosen":[182],"show":[184,197],"our":[185],"Through":[187],"experiments":[188],"public":[191],"datasets":[192],"from":[193],"different":[194],"countries,":[195],"we":[196],"quickly":[203],"detect":[204],"objects":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
