{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2884401857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072288","title":"Polypyrrole/Agarose Hydrogel-Based Bladder Volume Sensor with a Resistor Ladder Structure","display_name":"Polypyrrole/Agarose Hydrogel-Based Bladder Volume Sensor with a Resistor Ladder Structure","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2884401857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072288","mag":"2884401857","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30011944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2288/pdf?version=1531884132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2288/pdf?version=1531884132","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100728415","display_name":"Mi Kyung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1322-3142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mi Kyung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732633","display_name":"Sung\u2010Woo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-3466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungwoo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021465438","display_name":"In-Ug Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-8987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inug Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013924117","display_name":"Geon Kook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-1513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geon Kook","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108644837","display_name":"Yeon Su Jung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeon Su Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001292120","display_name":"Sarah S. Bawazir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9626-8738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah S. M. Bawazir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9626-8738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067436187","display_name":"Cesare Stefanini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0989-041X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesare Stefanini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049159170","display_name":"Hyunjoo J. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9963-2515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyunjoo J. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049159170"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64897737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"2288","last_page":"2288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polypyrrole","display_name":"Polypyrrole","score":0.6599391102790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.6436493396759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.581308901309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.5365362763404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.4996178150177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.47779709100723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.42996177077293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agarose","display_name":"Agarose","score":0.4297105073928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-bladder","display_name":"Urinary bladder","score":0.42235690355300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.21727705001831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21184372901916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.18278321623802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.17737266421318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17696738243103027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.16634798049926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13202014565467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.131659597158432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1222197413444519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777232022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146230","display_name":"Polypyrrole","level":4,"score":0.6599391102790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.6436493396759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.581308901309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.5365362763404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4996178150177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.47779709100723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.42996177077293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390697","display_name":"Agarose","level":2,"score":0.4297105073928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779762690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9382","display_name":"Urinary bladder","level":2,"score":0.42235690355300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.21727705001831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21184372901916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.18278321623802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.17737266421318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17696738243103027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.16634798049926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13202014565467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.131659597158432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1222197413444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2288/pdf?version=1531884132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30011944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30011944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:843b01214ce144a0a291acbb2da4fd79","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/843b01214ce144a0a291acbb2da4fd79","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 2288 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5028504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6069483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/7/2288/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6069483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6069483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072288","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2288/pdf?version=1531884132","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4574294914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COI1807M002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7852739661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016R1C1B2009798","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2884401857.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W287043927","https://openalex.org/W1571828101","https://openalex.org/W1577004975","https://openalex.org/W1981860553","https://openalex.org/W2007392046","https://openalex.org/W2021441211","https://openalex.org/W2030978642","https://openalex.org/W2037456922","https://openalex.org/W2049483686","https://openalex.org/W2050535768","https://openalex.org/W2054604070","https://openalex.org/W2064516170","https://openalex.org/W2069091317","https://openalex.org/W2069293076","https://openalex.org/W2074683688","https://openalex.org/W2091136994","https://openalex.org/W2117194813","https://openalex.org/W2118924687","https://openalex.org/W2129444923","https://openalex.org/W2139282073","https://openalex.org/W2150530343","https://openalex.org/W2156021100","https://openalex.org/W2156600495","https://openalex.org/W2156888987","https://openalex.org/W2158607861","https://openalex.org/W2226181859","https://openalex.org/W2313010975","https://openalex.org/W2419082724","https://openalex.org/W2499835018","https://openalex.org/W4240253217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373227895","https://openalex.org/W585699616","https://openalex.org/W1936924293","https://openalex.org/W2611913606","https://openalex.org/W3217411638","https://openalex.org/W2981670615","https://openalex.org/W2091082548","https://openalex.org/W2019921404","https://openalex.org/W2066532521","https://openalex.org/W2798982538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chronic":[0],"monitoring":[1,29,115],"of":[2,23,30,57,104,116,154],"bladder":[3,31,46,77,118,156],"activity":[4,32],"and":[5,21,27,128,176],"urine":[6],"volume":[7,47,78,119],"is":[8,167],"essential":[9],"for":[10],"patients":[11],"suffering":[12],"from":[13],"urinary":[14],"dysfunctions.":[15],"However,":[16],"due":[17,172],"to":[18,94,152,159,170,173],"the":[19,24,45,59,62,65,76,91,95,117,136,155,160,163],"anatomy":[20],"dynamics":[22],"bladder,":[25],"chronic":[26],"precise":[28],"remains":[33],"a":[34,39,49,69,80,109,141,148],"challenge.":[35],"Here,":[36],"we":[37,113],"propose":[38],"new":[40],"sensing":[41,165],"mechanism":[42,166],"that":[43,153],"measures":[44],"using":[48,101,124,140],"resistive":[50,137],"ladder":[51,111,138],"network":[52,139],"with":[53],"contact":[54],"switches.":[55],"Instead":[56],"measuring":[58],"impedance":[60],"between":[61],"electrode":[63],"continuously,":[64],"proposed":[66,164],"sensor":[67],"provides":[68],"digitized":[70],"output":[71],"(\u2018on\u2019":[72],"or":[73],"\u2018off\u2019)":[74],"when":[75],"reaches":[79],"certain":[81],"threshold":[82],"value.":[83],"We":[84,134],"present":[85],"simple":[86],"proof-of-concept":[87],"sensors":[88],"which":[89,146],"compare":[90],"discrete-mode":[92],"operation":[93],"continuous-mode":[96,161],"operation.":[97],"In":[98],"addition,":[99],"by":[100],"multiple":[102],"pairs":[103],"this":[105],"contact-mode":[106],"switch":[107],"in":[108,120],"resistor":[110],"structure,":[112],"demonstrate":[114],"four":[121],"discrete":[122],"steps":[123],"an":[125,129],"idealized":[126],"balloon":[127],"ex":[130],"vivo":[131],"pig\u2019s":[132],"bladder.":[133],"implemented":[135],"conductive":[142],"polypyrrole/agarose":[143],"hydrogel":[144],"composite":[145],"exhibits":[147],"Young\u2019s":[149],"modulus":[150],"comparable":[151],"wall.":[157],"Compared":[158],"operation,":[162],"less":[168],"susceptible":[169],"drift":[171],"material":[174],"degradation":[175],"environmental":[177],"factors.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}