{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883634122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072270","title":"Evaluating Geometric Measurement Accuracy Based on 3D Reconstruction of Automated Imagery in a Greenhouse","display_name":"Evaluating Geometric Measurement Accuracy Based on 3D Reconstruction of Automated Imagery in a Greenhouse","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883634122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072270","mag":"2883634122","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30011865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2270/pdf?version=1531486271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2270/pdf?version=1531486271","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107979503","display_name":"Jing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-0192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107979503","display_name":"Jing Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-0192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077805373","display_name":"Xiuqing Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-5586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuqing Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045824959","display_name":"Leon Schumacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0253-281X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon Schumacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianfeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianfeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107979503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.5124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95535783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"2270","last_page":"2270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse","display_name":"Greenhouse","score":0.564041018486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5576944947242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5289661288261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.48914650082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48474690318107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.35883980989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.33725619316101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23110628128051758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32198211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165044","display_name":"Greenhouse","level":2,"score":0.564041018486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5576944947242737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5289661288261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48914650082588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48474690318107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.35883980989456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33725619316101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23110628128051758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2270/pdf?version=1531486271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30011865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30011865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:58445fb958164da1ae65fa4df0554df6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/58445fb958164da1ae65fa4df0554df6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 2270 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5027914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6068631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/7/2270/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072270","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2270/pdf?version=1531486271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883634122.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1928585742","https://openalex.org/W1971024845","https://openalex.org/W1984871627","https://openalex.org/W1990562571","https://openalex.org/W2018724743","https://openalex.org/W2027254180","https://openalex.org/W2038705556","https://openalex.org/W2041777957","https://openalex.org/W2048201477","https://openalex.org/W2060224812","https://openalex.org/W2060599314","https://openalex.org/W2064341623","https://openalex.org/W2079958139","https://openalex.org/W2104981522","https://openalex.org/W2111669209","https://openalex.org/W2113347201","https://openalex.org/W2114937946","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2129201358","https://openalex.org/W2141705235","https://openalex.org/W2144362041","https://openalex.org/W2145243492","https://openalex.org/W2145595389","https://openalex.org/W2156598602","https://openalex.org/W2161558103","https://openalex.org/W2291076239","https://openalex.org/W2473052039","https://openalex.org/W2589097845","https://openalex.org/W2589237375","https://openalex.org/W2619123180","https://openalex.org/W2766747611","https://openalex.org/W2768547285","https://openalex.org/W2768701195","https://openalex.org/W2921352692","https://openalex.org/W2951300594","https://openalex.org/W2963221299","https://openalex.org/W6696733158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geometric":[0],"dimensions":[1,26,153,158],"of":[2,27,34,61,65,73,98,119,128,138,157,171,218],"plants":[3,28,220],"are":[4,188],"significant":[5],"parameters":[6],"for":[7,178,198],"showing":[8],"plant":[9],"dynamic":[10],"responses":[11],"to":[12,22,38,111,124,186,192,214],"environmental":[13],"variations.":[14],"An":[15],"image-based":[16,58,201],"high-throughput":[17,202],"phenotyping":[18,203],"platform":[19],"was":[20,37,122,212],"developed":[21,200,210],"automatically":[23],"measure":[24,215],"geometric":[25,43,114],"in":[29,42,77,93,140,159,225],"a":[30,165,189,206,231],"greenhouse.":[31],"The":[32,228],"goal":[33],"this":[35],"paper":[36],"evaluate":[39,112],"the":[40,46,56,108,113,126,143,151,169,199,209,216,246],"accuracy":[41,195],"measurement":[44,136,155],"using":[45,55,107,221],"Structure":[47],"from":[48,52,103,184],"Motion":[49],"(SfM)":[50],"method":[51,110],"images":[53],"acquired":[54],"automated":[57,249],"platform.":[59],"Images":[60],"nine":[62],"artificial":[63],"objects":[64,100],"different":[66,75,85],"shapes":[67],"were":[68,101],"taken":[69],"under":[70],"17":[71],"combinations":[72],"three":[74,90,152],"overlaps":[76],"x":[78,160,179],"and":[79,83,96,131,148,154,161,176,180,196,237,248],"y":[80,95,162,181],"directions,":[81],"respectively,":[82],"two":[84],"spatial":[86],"resolutions":[87],"(SRs)":[88],"with":[89,168],"replicates.":[91],"Dimensions":[92],"x,":[94],"z":[97,141],"these":[99],"measured":[102],"3D":[104],"models":[105],"reconstructed":[106],"SfM":[109],"accuracy.":[115],"A":[116],"metric":[117],"power":[118,166],"unit":[120],"(POU)":[121],"proposed":[123],"combine":[125],"effects":[127],"image":[129],"overlap":[130,147],"SR.":[132],"Results":[133],"showed":[134,230],"that":[135],"error":[137,156],"dimension":[139],"is":[142],"least":[144],"affected":[145],"by":[146],"SR":[149],"among":[150],"increased":[163],"following":[164],"function":[167],"decrease":[170],"POU":[172,224],"(R2":[173,234],"=":[174,235,242],"0.78":[175],"0.88":[177],"respectively).":[182],"POUs":[183],"150":[185],"300":[187],"preferred":[190],"range":[191],"obtain":[193],"reasonable":[194],"efficiency":[197],"system.":[204],"As":[205],"study":[207],"case,":[208],"system":[211],"used":[213],"height":[217],"44":[219],"an":[222],"optimal":[223],"greenhouse":[226],"environment.":[227],"results":[229],"good":[232],"agreement":[233],"92%":[236],"Root":[238],"Mean":[239],"Square":[240],"Error":[241],"9.4":[243],"mm)":[244],"between":[245],"manual":[247],"method.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-12T07:33:03.550515","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}