{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883625094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072254","title":"Estimation of Human Body Vital Signs Based on 60 GHz Doppler Radar Using a Bound-Constrained Optimization Algorithm","display_name":"Estimation of Human Body Vital Signs Based on 60 GHz Doppler Radar Using a Bound-Constrained Optimization Algorithm","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883625094","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072254","mag":"2883625094","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30002354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072254","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2254/pdf?version=1531478001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2254/pdf?version=1531478001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458341","display_name":"Ting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-3219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking (IPCAN), College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering (ISEE), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-3219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking (IPCAN), College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering (ISEE), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005026809","display_name":"Julien Sarrazin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-397X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Sarrazin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UR2, L2E, F-75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UR2, L2E, F-75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088623253","display_name":"Guido Valerio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4372-2858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Valerio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UR2, L2E, F-75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9s, UR2, L2E, F-75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064390519","display_name":"Dan Istrate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-4947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102516824","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Technologie de Compi\u00e8gne","ror":"https://ror.org/04y5kwa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102516824"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Istrate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sorbonne University, UTC CNRS UMR 7338, Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne, BP 20529, Rue Personne de Roberval, 60205 Compi\u00e8gne, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-4947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne University, UTC CNRS UMR 7338, Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne, BP 20529, Rue Personne de Roberval, 60205 Compi\u00e8gne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102516824","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100458341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3372,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79349011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"2254","last_page":"2254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.7345016598701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6271342635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6146284937858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-radar","display_name":"Doppler radar","score":0.6111188530921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.601648211479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.5511901378631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.4726656675338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4553949236869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17081141471862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09469658136367798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.7345016598701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6271342635154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6146284937858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.6111188530921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.601648211479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.5511901378631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.4726656675338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4553949236869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17081141471862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09469658136367798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072254","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2254/pdf?version=1531478001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30002354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30002354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01868230v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01868230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 2018, 18 (7), pp.2254. ⟨10.3390/s18072254⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f8ef5ba1705d464eb823e1bf65f1dfae","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f8ef5ba1705d464eb823e1bf65f1dfae","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 2254 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5027854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6068558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/7/2254/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072254","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2254/pdf?version=1531478001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009746975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4866930200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-11-IDEX","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5003875507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-11-IDEX-0004-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5615659713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IDEX-0004-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6182026652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11-IDEX-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6246589203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11-IDEX-0004-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6654833908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-11-IDEX-0004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883625094.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2883625094.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965391653","https://openalex.org/W1966625208","https://openalex.org/W2003790393","https://openalex.org/W2009783004","https://openalex.org/W2010325160","https://openalex.org/W2019628588","https://openalex.org/W2021002687","https://openalex.org/W2027663688","https://openalex.org/W2040884695","https://openalex.org/W2045727797","https://openalex.org/W2051970047","https://openalex.org/W2059766059","https://openalex.org/W2073715061","https://openalex.org/W2075959322","https://openalex.org/W2090269566","https://openalex.org/W2093071643","https://openalex.org/W2094237891","https://openalex.org/W2097418810","https://openalex.org/W2099743383","https://openalex.org/W2100210993","https://openalex.org/W2101306014","https://openalex.org/W2114649477","https://openalex.org/W2115982943","https://openalex.org/W2117029699","https://openalex.org/W2118158426","https://openalex.org/W2127229009","https://openalex.org/W2133225252","https://openalex.org/W2141497130","https://openalex.org/W2145784584","https://openalex.org/W2150408339","https://openalex.org/W2161739261","https://openalex.org/W2162632502","https://openalex.org/W2162859676","https://openalex.org/W2475358021","https://openalex.org/W2776831317","https://openalex.org/W2794063854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183777417","https://openalex.org/W2141616094","https://openalex.org/W90175293","https://openalex.org/W1989565953","https://openalex.org/W3081975293","https://openalex.org/W1978025251","https://openalex.org/W2122831055","https://openalex.org/W2886607336","https://openalex.org/W2440455894","https://openalex.org/W2361241744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,102],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"a":[3,35,50,98,105,109,123],"bound-constrained":[4],"optimization":[5,57,78,111],"algorithm":[6],"is":[7,47,59,116],"applied":[8],"for":[9],"estimating":[10],"physiological":[11],"data":[12],"(pulse":[13],"and":[14,31,53,69,82,91],"breathing":[15,30,68],"rate)":[16],"of":[17,34,40,56,93,104,126],"human":[18,36],"body":[19,95],"using":[20],"60":[21],"GHz":[22],"Doppler":[23],"radar,":[24],"by":[25,29],"detecting":[26],"displacements":[27],"induced":[28],"the":[32,44,54],"heartbeat":[33,70],"subject.":[37],"The":[38],"influence":[39],"mutual":[41],"phasing":[42],"between":[43,75],"two":[45],"movements":[46],"analyzed":[48],"in":[49,114,122],"theoretical":[51],"framework":[52],"application":[55],"algorithms":[58],"proved":[60],"to":[61,64,84,88,118],"be":[62,85],"able":[63],"accurately":[65],"detect":[66],"both":[67],"rates,":[71],"despite":[72],"intermodulation":[73],"effects":[74],"them.":[76],"Different":[77],"procedures":[79],"are":[80],"compared":[81],"shown":[83],"more":[86],"robust":[87],"receiver":[89],"noise":[90],"artifacts":[92],"random":[94],"motion":[96],"than":[97],"direct":[99],"spectrum":[100],"analysis.":[101],"case":[103],"large-scale":[106],"constrained":[107],"bound,":[108],"parallel":[110],"procedure":[112],"executed":[113],"subranges":[115],"proposed":[117],"realize":[119],"accurate":[120],"detection":[121],"reduced":[124],"span":[125],"time.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}