{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2870194209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072171","title":"Damage Detection of L-Shaped Concrete Filled Steel Tube (L-CFST) Columns under Cyclic Loading Using Embedded Piezoceramic Transducers","display_name":"Damage Detection of L-Shaped Concrete Filled Steel Tube (L-CFST) Columns under Cyclic Loading Using Embedded Piezoceramic Transducers","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2870194209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072171","mag":"2870194209","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29986410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2171/pdf?version=1530865199","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2171/pdf?version=1530865199","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114016011","display_name":"Juan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7549-8955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355354","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-0722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101576959","display_name":"Guofeng Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4794-3634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177739611","display_name":"Yangtze University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bhmhz54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guofeng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045166512","display_name":"Gangbing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gangbing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-5555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045166512","https://openalex.org/A5101576959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177739611","https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":6.322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96906838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"2171","last_page":"2171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.703838586807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6194060444831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.5201002359390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column","display_name":"Column (typography)","score":0.5135295987129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.4760444164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.46269139647483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tube","display_name":"Tube (container)","score":0.44342294335365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25358670949935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connection","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","score":0.07551959156990051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.703838586807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6194060444831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.5201002359390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.5135295987129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4760444164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.46269139647483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777551473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2093072","display_name":"Tube (container)","level":2,"score":0.44342294335365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25358670949935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.07551959156990051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2171/pdf?version=1530865199","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29986410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29986410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:869d6195c1d34054b621937d1f4d56ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/869d6195c1d34054b621937d1f4d56ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 2171 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5027963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6068680","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/7/2171/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2171/pdf?version=1530865199","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6051762844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016CFA022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313620","funder_display_name":"Hubei Provincial Department of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7638778774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51378077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8324969197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51778064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313620","display_name":"Hubei Provincial Department of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/05yaa9j15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2870194209.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2870194209.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586540482","https://openalex.org/W1627754035","https://openalex.org/W1953972216","https://openalex.org/W1973419376","https://openalex.org/W1978134971","https://openalex.org/W1980039080","https://openalex.org/W1984935417","https://openalex.org/W1986046962","https://openalex.org/W1990220936","https://openalex.org/W1992571702","https://openalex.org/W2006312659","https://openalex.org/W2012391536","https://openalex.org/W2023730132","https://openalex.org/W2027535875","https://openalex.org/W2032057079","https://openalex.org/W2034368076","https://openalex.org/W2034975097","https://openalex.org/W2035527623","https://openalex.org/W2035699115","https://openalex.org/W2042173495","https://openalex.org/W2045096055","https://openalex.org/W2047175039","https://openalex.org/W2053898527","https://openalex.org/W2055200116","https://openalex.org/W2056982631","https://openalex.org/W2064396082","https://openalex.org/W2069843936","https://openalex.org/W2072700103","https://openalex.org/W2074484929","https://openalex.org/W2076822705","https://openalex.org/W2078201817","https://openalex.org/W2096479859","https://openalex.org/W2098984772","https://openalex.org/W2099988329","https://openalex.org/W2105986493","https://openalex.org/W2122912160","https://openalex.org/W2130637563","https://openalex.org/W2142500434","https://openalex.org/W2198488615","https://openalex.org/W2218865708","https://openalex.org/W2247483956","https://openalex.org/W2281745992","https://openalex.org/W2286710643","https://openalex.org/W2297344047","https://openalex.org/W2304061670","https://openalex.org/W2343692651","https://openalex.org/W2379941515","https://openalex.org/W2414718241","https://openalex.org/W2509443795","https://openalex.org/W2514766611","https://openalex.org/W2538434775","https://openalex.org/W2553788023","https://openalex.org/W2555066392","https://openalex.org/W2582330893","https://openalex.org/W2596755963","https://openalex.org/W2607581726","https://openalex.org/W2609004300","https://openalex.org/W2618168041","https://openalex.org/W2619030265","https://openalex.org/W2734625156","https://openalex.org/W2748313265","https://openalex.org/W2751842759","https://openalex.org/W2767768229","https://openalex.org/W2774814661","https://openalex.org/W2799760573","https://openalex.org/W2805950903","https://openalex.org/W6635073463","https://openalex.org/W6640718076","https://openalex.org/W6679480665","https://openalex.org/W6690892061","https://openalex.org/W6704851546","https://openalex.org/W7018993534"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384820447","https://openalex.org/W2012283803","https://openalex.org/W2072454424","https://openalex.org/W2117438306","https://openalex.org/W2185942010","https://openalex.org/W2260725127","https://openalex.org/W2004297762","https://openalex.org/W1992056405","https://openalex.org/W767846903","https://openalex.org/W2619803670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"L-shaped":[0],"concrete":[1,15,37,65,168,182],"filled":[2],"steel":[3,106],"tube":[4,107],"(L-CFST)":[5],"columns":[6,99],"are":[7,124,142],"used":[8,61,80,88],"frequently":[9],"in":[10,39,143],"civil":[11],"engineering,":[12],"and":[13,74,134,141,160],"the":[14,18,35,40,64,68,71,75,91,95,105,115,120,128,131,135,139,147,153,163,167,171,180,185],"damage":[16,38,84,117,164,183],"inside":[17],"L-CFST":[19,41,72,98,186],"column":[20,42],"is":[21,60,79,87],"difficult":[22],"to":[23,28,33,62,81,89,178],"monitor.":[24],"This":[25],"research":[26],"aims":[27],"develop":[29],"a":[30,83],"new":[31],"method":[32,59],"monitor":[34,63,179],"internal":[36,181],"by":[43],"using":[44,174],"embedded":[45],"piezoceramic":[46,175],"smart":[47,156,176],"aggregates":[48,177],"(SAs)":[49],"under":[50,119],"low":[51],"frequency":[52],"cyclic":[53,122],"loading.":[54],"The":[55,110],"SA":[56],"enabled":[57],"active":[58],"damages":[66],"near":[67],"bottom":[69],"of":[70,104,130,138,155,166,173,184],"columns,":[73],"wavelet":[76],"packet":[77],"analysis":[78],"establish":[82],"index,":[85],"which":[86],"analyze":[90],"acquired":[92],"data.":[93],"During":[94],"experiment,":[96],"three":[97],"with":[100,127,146],"different":[101],"wall":[102],"thickness":[103],"were":[108],"tested.":[109],"experimental":[111,148],"results":[112,129],"find":[113],"that":[114,152],"structural":[116],"indices":[118],"low-frequency":[121],"loading":[123],"basically":[125],"consistent":[126],"hysteretic":[132],"curves":[133],"skeleton":[136],"curve":[137],"specimens,":[140],"good":[144],"agreement":[145],"phenomena.":[149],"We":[150],"conclude":[151],"use":[154],"aggregate":[157],"can":[158],"directly":[159],"clearly":[161],"reflect":[162],"process":[165],"core,":[169],"demonstrating":[170],"feasibility":[172],"column.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}