{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2809788524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072046","title":"Online Model Updating and Dynamic Learning Rate-Based Robust Object Tracking","display_name":"Online Model Updating and Dynamic Learning Rate-Based Robust Object Tracking","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2809788524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072046","mag":"2809788524","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29949950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2046/pdf?version=1530025215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2046/pdf?version=1530025215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039678868","display_name":"Md Mojahidul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8408-4939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["BD","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Mojahidul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh","School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023248700","display_name":"Guoqing Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6526-2560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845562","display_name":"Qianbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-065X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023248700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74186814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"7","first_page":"2046","last_page":"2046"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7431027889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7061322927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6642328500747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6413155198097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6100651025772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5204858183860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-blur","display_name":"Motion blur","score":0.4919867217540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.4723846912384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.45212769508361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4331835210323334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.4202896058559418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4107345938682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.36042505502700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3596588373184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17209360003471375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7431027889251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7061322927474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6642328500747681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6413155198097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6100651025772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5204858183860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777708103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852589","display_name":"Motion blur","level":3,"score":0.4919867217540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.4723846912384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.45212769508361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4331835210323334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.4202896058559418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4107345938682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.36042505502700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3596588373184204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17209360003471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2046/pdf?version=1530025215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29949950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29949950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:58a75b4848174c1f9d5e7bd14f82bea7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/58a75b4848174c1f9d5e7bd14f82bea7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 7, p 2046 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5028125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6068913","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/7/2046/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18072046","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072046","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/7/2046/pdf?version=1530025215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2809788524.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134197611","https://openalex.org/W161114242","https://openalex.org/W182940129","https://openalex.org/W818325216","https://openalex.org/W1908905119","https://openalex.org/W1915599933","https://openalex.org/W1915785815","https://openalex.org/W1937954682","https://openalex.org/W1955514522","https://openalex.org/W1964846093","https://openalex.org/W1967878059","https://openalex.org/W1995903777","https://openalex.org/W1997121481","https://openalex.org/W2044986361","https://openalex.org/W2061172607","https://openalex.org/W2067032244","https://openalex.org/W2078393383","https://openalex.org/W2098941887","https://openalex.org/W2104922849","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2126302311","https://openalex.org/W2139047213","https://openalex.org/W2150000644","https://openalex.org/W2154429285","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2162349892","https://openalex.org/W2162813111","https://openalex.org/W2165037244","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2214352687","https://openalex.org/W2252862078","https://openalex.org/W2293873019","https://openalex.org/W2380373457","https://openalex.org/W2469175529","https://openalex.org/W2518013266","https://openalex.org/W2520477759","https://openalex.org/W2558899534","https://openalex.org/W2617488367","https://openalex.org/W2753461371","https://openalex.org/W2769566407","https://openalex.org/W2962824803","https://openalex.org/W6683411478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107628111","https://openalex.org/W2394004323","https://openalex.org/W2012200063","https://openalex.org/W2963010494","https://openalex.org/W2132541102","https://openalex.org/W2991803441","https://openalex.org/W2107332757","https://openalex.org/W3201620372","https://openalex.org/W3082112504","https://openalex.org/W2132182117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robust":[0],"visual":[1],"tracking":[2,199],"is":[3,40],"a":[4,44,81,131,147,175],"significant":[5],"and":[6,14,63,98,114,120,140,186],"challenging":[7,45],"issue":[8],"in":[9],"computer":[10],"vision-related":[11],"research":[12],"fields":[13],"has":[15],"attracted":[16],"an":[17,187],"immense":[18],"amount":[19],"of":[20,51,88,94,179,184,191],"attention":[21],"from":[22,110],"researchers.":[23],"Due":[24],"to":[25,42,48,106,171],"various":[26,52],"practical":[27],"applications,":[28],"many":[29],"studies":[30],"have":[31,35],"been":[32],"done":[33],"that":[34,163],"introduced":[36],"numerous":[37],"algorithms.":[38],"It":[39],"considered":[41],"be":[43],"problem":[46],"due":[47],"the":[49,71,86,108,111,125,167,197],"unpredictability":[50],"real-time":[53],"situations,":[54],"such":[55,91],"as":[56,92],"illumination":[57,121],"variations,":[58],"occlusion,":[59],"fast":[60],"motion,":[61],"deformation,":[62],"scale":[64,126,133],"variation,":[65],"even":[66],"though":[67],"we":[68,79,129],"only":[69],"know":[70],"initial":[72],"target":[73,109],"position.":[74],"To":[75,123],"address":[76],"these":[77],"matters,":[78],"used":[80],"kernelized-correlation-filter-based":[82],"translation":[83],"filter":[84],"with":[85,174],"integration":[87],"multiple":[89],"features":[90,103],"histogram":[93],"oriented":[95],"gradients":[96],"(HOG)":[97],"color":[99],"attributes.":[100],"These":[101],"powerful":[102],"are":[104,115],"useful":[105],"differentiate":[107],"surrounding":[112],"background":[113],"effective":[116],"for":[117],"motion":[118],"blur":[119],"variations.":[122],"minimize":[124],"variation":[127],"problem,":[128],"designed":[130],"correlation-filter-based":[132],"filter.":[134],"The":[135,159],"proposed":[136],"adaptive":[137],"model’s":[138],"updating":[139],"dynamic":[141],"learning":[142],"rate":[143],"strategies":[144],"based":[145],"on":[146,196],"peak-to-sidelobe":[148],"ratio":[149],"effectively":[150],"reduce":[151],"model-drifting":[152],"problems":[153],"by":[154],"avoiding":[155],"noisy":[156],"appearance":[157],"changes.":[158],"experiment":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"our":[164],"method":[165],"provides":[166],"best":[168],"performance":[169],"compared":[170],"other":[172],"methods,":[173],"distance":[176],"precision":[177],"score":[178,183],"79.9%,":[180],"overlap":[181],"success":[182],"59.0%,":[185],"average":[188],"running":[189],"speed":[190],"74":[192],"frames":[193],"per":[194],"second":[195],"object":[198],"benchmark":[200],"(OTB-2015).":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}