{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803802228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051643","title":"Analyzing Cyber-Physical Threats on Robotic Platforms","display_name":"Analyzing Cyber-Physical Threats on Robotic Platforms","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803802228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051643","mag":"2803802228","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29883403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051643","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1643/pdf?version=1526991408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1643/pdf?version=1526991408","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091249460","display_name":"Khalil M. Ahmad Yousef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0737-4107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalil Ahmad Yousef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0737-4107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086674176","display_name":"Anas AlMajali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-670X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas AlMajali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-670X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031364560","display_name":"Salah Abu Ghalyon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salah Ghalyon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004073554","display_name":"Waleed Dweik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-7366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114972647","display_name":"University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/05k89ew48","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed Dweik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-7366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114972647"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009006174","display_name":"Bassam J. Mohd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-1740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassam Mohd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-1740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091249460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.9916,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92302172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"1643","last_page":"1643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7286481857299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6846958994865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.626799464225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.5770257115364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.45583346486091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.19497358798980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1295720636844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1128038763999939}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7286481857299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6846958994865417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.626799464225769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.5770257115364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.45583346486091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.19497358798980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1295720636844635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1128038763999939}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051643","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1643/pdf?version=1526991408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29883403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29883403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ffcb5bf0617431a91e55a2c1f2bbffa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ffcb5bf0617431a91e55a2c1f2bbffa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 5, p 1643 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4940704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5982649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/5/1643/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 5; Pages: 1643","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051643","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1643/pdf?version=1526991408","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325947","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803802228.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803802228.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607877254","https://openalex.org/W1638546798","https://openalex.org/W1976953317","https://openalex.org/W1992208352","https://openalex.org/W2024201805","https://openalex.org/W2037599560","https://openalex.org/W2054859247","https://openalex.org/W2074192805","https://openalex.org/W2092209458","https://openalex.org/W2116914385","https://openalex.org/W2118675990","https://openalex.org/W2296519096","https://openalex.org/W2460146099","https://openalex.org/W2502650246","https://openalex.org/W2520766104","https://openalex.org/W2527816191","https://openalex.org/W2542971063","https://openalex.org/W2545823459","https://openalex.org/W2554060840","https://openalex.org/W2582140274","https://openalex.org/W2585763402","https://openalex.org/W2601355475","https://openalex.org/W2601488730","https://openalex.org/W2611518697","https://openalex.org/W2615750389","https://openalex.org/W2620076267","https://openalex.org/W2707036725","https://openalex.org/W2729158979","https://openalex.org/W2759023773","https://openalex.org/W2761119957","https://openalex.org/W2762057607","https://openalex.org/W2765404027","https://openalex.org/W2766135607","https://openalex.org/W2766365283","https://openalex.org/W2769020070","https://openalex.org/W2769108743","https://openalex.org/W2771251145","https://openalex.org/W2775683649","https://openalex.org/W2776486137","https://openalex.org/W2779801672","https://openalex.org/W2783073075","https://openalex.org/W2784066486","https://openalex.org/W2790718760","https://openalex.org/W2794993907","https://openalex.org/W6731963467","https://openalex.org/W6990206382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4321442002","https://openalex.org/W1484565796","https://openalex.org/W4230824443","https://openalex.org/W3026018975","https://openalex.org/W2185673024","https://openalex.org/W4377970398","https://openalex.org/W2142794587"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"was":[0,41],"used":[1],"for":[2],"physical":[3],"experiments.":[4],"The":[5],"analysis":[6],"and":[7,25,38,48,69],"testing":[8],"results":[9],"show":[10],"that":[11],"certain":[12],"attacks":[13,22,31,50],"were":[14,32],"successful":[15],"at":[16],"breaching":[17],"the":[18,27,39,55,77,82],"robot":[19,28,40,56],"security.":[20],"Integrity":[21,47],"modified":[23],"commands":[24],"manipulated":[26],"behavior.":[29],"Availability":[30],"able":[33],"to":[34,44,57,71],"cause":[35],"Denial-of-Service":[36],"(DoS)":[37],"not":[42],"responsive":[43],"MobileEyes":[45],"commands.":[46],"availability":[49],"caused":[51],"sensitive":[52],"information":[53],"on":[54,76],"be":[58],"hijacked.":[59],"To":[60],"mitigate":[61],"security":[62],"threats,":[63],"we":[64],"provide":[65],"possible":[66],"mitigation":[67],"techniques":[68],"suggestions":[70],"raise":[72],"awareness":[73],"of":[74],"threats":[75],"robotic":[78],"platforms,":[79],"especially":[80],"when":[81],"robots":[83],"are":[84],"involved":[85],"in":[86],"critical":[87],"missions":[88],"or":[89],"applications.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2018-06-01T00:00:00"}
