{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805030435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051612","title":"A Model for Remote Depth Estimation of Buried Radioactive Wastes Using CdZnTe Detector","display_name":"A Model for Remote Depth Estimation of Buried Radioactive Wastes Using CdZnTe Detector","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805030435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051612","mag":"2805030435","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29783644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1612/pdf?version=1526628553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1612/pdf?version=1526628553","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086040056","display_name":"Ikechukwu K. Ukaegbu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-7777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ikechukwu Kevin Ukaegbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-7777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063171116","display_name":"Kelum A. A. Gamage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-3373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelum A. A. Gamage","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-3373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086040056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2316,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79160828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"1612","last_page":"1612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-source","display_name":"Radioactive source","score":0.7689179182052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium-zinc-telluride","display_name":"Cadmium zinc telluride","score":0.75642991065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7501968741416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillator","display_name":"Scintillator","score":0.7125795483589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radionuclide","display_name":"Radionuclide","score":0.7118886113166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.6072590351104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-waste","display_name":"Radioactive waste","score":0.5667141675949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5635360479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-rate","display_name":"Dose rate","score":0.4951876699924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radioactive-contamination","display_name":"Radioactive contamination","score":0.47438672184944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.4392525851726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.39696571230888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3498554825782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32411903142929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiochemistry","display_name":"Radiochemistry","score":0.24568048119544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17847320437431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14502808451652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13767370581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.12499430775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.11677420139312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.0785837471485138}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777962739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115507","display_name":"Radioactive source","level":3,"score":0.7689179182052612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776614250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906733","display_name":"Cadmium zinc telluride","level":3,"score":0.75642991065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7501968741416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161694136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910990","display_name":"Scintillator","level":3,"score":0.7125795483589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158973077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192900","display_name":"Radionuclide","level":2,"score":0.7118886113166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.6072590351104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89690796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185252","display_name":"Radioactive waste","level":2,"score":0.5667141675949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5635360479354858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017588741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042357","display_name":"Dose rate","level":2,"score":0.4951876699924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154038757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817114","display_name":"Radioactive contamination","level":3,"score":0.47438672184944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.4392525851726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39696571230888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3498554825782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32411903142929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177322064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750955","display_name":"Radiochemistry","level":1,"score":0.24568048119544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17847320437431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14502808451652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13767370581626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12499430775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.11677420139312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0785837471485138}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1612/pdf?version=1526628553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29783644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29783644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:125218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/125218/1/model_remote_depth.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4940633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5982516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/5/1612/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 5; Pages: 1612","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051612","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1612/pdf?version=1526628553","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7163229102","display_name":"Industrial CASE Account - Lancaster University 2015","funder_award_id":"EP/N509231/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7281696953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1787125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311289","display_name":"Nuclear Decommissioning Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/01mdbyv68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805030435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805030435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035662233","https://openalex.org/W2045059959","https://openalex.org/W2048847369","https://openalex.org/W2061847696","https://openalex.org/W2072355183","https://openalex.org/W2076367936","https://openalex.org/W2082208705","https://openalex.org/W2091271961","https://openalex.org/W2124371765","https://openalex.org/W2130363570","https://openalex.org/W2130823444","https://openalex.org/W2738820351","https://openalex.org/W2741378306","https://openalex.org/W2755810029","https://openalex.org/W2785663834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967696668","https://openalex.org/W2346866582","https://openalex.org/W2805030435","https://openalex.org/W4297792504","https://openalex.org/W4364378748","https://openalex.org/W2411693383","https://openalex.org/W2418684448","https://openalex.org/W2025074658","https://openalex.org/W2328449638","https://openalex.org/W2187573308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,123],"paper":[1,69,145],"presents":[2],"the":[3,35,41,72,75,79,84,104,109,144],"results":[4,65],"of":[5,13,43,61,74,83,100,111],"an":[6,27,57],"attenuation":[7],"model":[8,36,105],"for":[9,150],"remote":[10,127,158],"depth":[11,42,82,110,128,159],"estimation":[12,129,160],"buried":[14,49,116],"radioactive":[15,47,86],"wastes":[16,138],"using":[17,26],"a":[18,44,94,112,147],"Cadmium":[19],"Zinc":[20],"Telluride":[21],"(CZT)":[22],"detector.":[23],"Previous":[24],"research":[25],"organic":[28],"liquid":[29],"scintillator":[30],"detector":[31,77],"system":[32],"showed":[33,70],"that":[34,71,125,155],"is":[37],"able":[38],"to":[39,51,88,118],"estimate":[40],"329-kBq":[45],"Cs-137":[46],"source":[48,87,115],"up":[50,117],"12":[52],"cm":[53,90,120],"in":[54,67,91,121],"sand":[55,92],"with":[56,93,134,139],"average":[58,97],"count":[59,98],"rate":[60,99],"100":[62],"cps.":[63,102],"The":[64],"presented":[66],"this":[68,126,157],"use":[73],"CZT":[76],"extended":[78],"maximum":[80],"detectable":[81],"same":[85],"18":[89],"significantly":[95],"lower":[96],"14":[101],"Furthermore,":[103],"also":[106],"successfully":[107],"estimated":[108],"9-kBq":[113],"Co-60":[114],"3":[119],"sand.":[122],"confirms":[124],"method":[130],"can":[131],"be":[132],"used":[133],"other":[135],"radionuclides":[136],"and":[137],"very":[140],"low":[141],"activity.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"proposes":[146],"performance":[148],"parameter":[149],"evaluating":[151],"radiation":[152],"detection":[153],"systems":[154],"implement":[156],"method.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
