{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799657301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051456","title":"3D Architectured Graphene/Metal Oxide Hybrids for Gas Sensors: A Review","display_name":"3D Architectured Graphene/Metal Oxide Hybrids for Gas Sensors: A Review","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799657301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051456","mag":"2799657301","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29735951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051456","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1456/pdf?version=1525778958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1456/pdf?version=1525778958","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002884818","display_name":"Yi Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3186-308X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428099","display_name":"Ran Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-0377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Analysis and Measurement, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070164264","display_name":"Ruosong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruosong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378513","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4185-1421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732522","display_name":"Lan Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5947-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lan Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002884818","https://openalex.org/A5100378513","https://openalex.org/A5100732522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446","https://openalex.org/I111599522","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":8.0857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97965205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"1456","last_page":"1456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene","display_name":"Graphene","score":0.9653294682502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxide","display_name":"Oxide","score":0.8693834543228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8182494044303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.7063034176826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal","display_name":"Metal","score":0.6058297753334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocomposite","display_name":"Nanocomposite","score":0.46294817328453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.05677074193954468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.9653294682502747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.8693834543228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8182494044303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.7063034176826477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.6058297753334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92880739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2639556","display_name":"Nanocomposite","level":2,"score":0.46294817328453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.05677074193954468}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051456","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1456/pdf?version=1525778958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29735951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29735951","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b65aa05f90bc493484d7d2b87b17545e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b65aa05f90bc493484d7d2b87b17545e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 5, p 1456 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4940542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5982206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/5/1456/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051456","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 5; Pages: 1456","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051456","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1456/pdf?version=1525778958","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799657301.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799657301.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":113,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196941393","https://openalex.org/W898200833","https://openalex.org/W1098729590","https://openalex.org/W1269782791","https://openalex.org/W1452114358","https://openalex.org/W1578519394","https://openalex.org/W1781543359","https://openalex.org/W1932863223","https://openalex.org/W1971759539","https://openalex.org/W1975304975","https://openalex.org/W1976156302","https://openalex.org/W1976709319","https://openalex.org/W1980835470","https://openalex.org/W1983199593","https://openalex.org/W1985362857","https://openalex.org/W1986318228","https://openalex.org/W1986491786","https://openalex.org/W1988324150","https://openalex.org/W1991531442","https://openalex.org/W1992149671","https://openalex.org/W1994911561","https://openalex.org/W2004317509","https://openalex.org/W2007967035","https://openalex.org/W2010971702","https://openalex.org/W2011563465","https://openalex.org/W2014698820","https://openalex.org/W2014712604","https://openalex.org/W2014935324","https://openalex.org/W2016025610","https://openalex.org/W2018068236","https://openalex.org/W2018901613","https://openalex.org/W2019697714","https://openalex.org/W2019965673","https://openalex.org/W2026380129","https://openalex.org/W2027542125","https://openalex.org/W2029253115","https://openalex.org/W2030677057","https://openalex.org/W2039475059","https://openalex.org/W2043016230","https://openalex.org/W2048773483","https://openalex.org/W2049053715","https://openalex.org/W2049270784","https://openalex.org/W2052590416","https://openalex.org/W2054656736","https://openalex.org/W2058122340","https://openalex.org/W2061755802","https://openalex.org/W2062296960","https://openalex.org/W2075148335","https://openalex.org/W2076475450","https://openalex.org/W2077086521","https://openalex.org/W2078685040","https://openalex.org/W2078750532","https://openalex.org/W2084397320","https://openalex.org/W2086959251","https://openalex.org/W2088321686","https://openalex.org/W2090437219","https://openalex.org/W2093732885","https://openalex.org/W2098565720","https://openalex.org/W2103398519","https://openalex.org/W2104329883","https://openalex.org/W2105031224","https://openalex.org/W2119806837","https://openalex.org/W2120055596","https://openalex.org/W2120430321","https://openalex.org/W2120918615","https://openalex.org/W2121395568","https://openalex.org/W2123334641","https://openalex.org/W2124030055","https://openalex.org/W2126934395","https://openalex.org/W2129479958","https://openalex.org/W2135851621","https://openalex.org/W2147271478","https://openalex.org/W2150014238","https://openalex.org/W2158853658","https://openalex.org/W2164878199","https://openalex.org/W2169406474","https://openalex.org/W2186621590","https://openalex.org/W2201409424","https://openalex.org/W2210297788","https://openalex.org/W2218324737","https://openalex.org/W2274182924","https://openalex.org/W2285403976","https://openalex.org/W2288500919","https://openalex.org/W2292259588","https://openalex.org/W2292712230","https://openalex.org/W2298699905","https://openalex.org/W2313853973","https://openalex.org/W2317359908","https://openalex.org/W2318579790","https://openalex.org/W2325693181","https://openalex.org/W2326237320","https://openalex.org/W2328727506","https://openalex.org/W2328859179","https://openalex.org/W2330893853","https://openalex.org/W2333216006","https://openalex.org/W2334741707","https://openalex.org/W2335413545","https://openalex.org/W2474621189","https://openalex.org/W2505299401","https://openalex.org/W2547310479","https://openalex.org/W2559676790","https://openalex.org/W2561225291","https://openalex.org/W2570019305","https://openalex.org/W2604636142","https://openalex.org/W2610597600","https://openalex.org/W2614570541","https://openalex.org/W2735478570","https://openalex.org/W2738950220","https://openalex.org/W2746066676","https://openalex.org/W2747986014","https://openalex.org/W2752122312","https://openalex.org/W2781671566","https://openalex.org/W2789241110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109976211","https://openalex.org/W2054303101","https://openalex.org/W2386590140","https://openalex.org/W2365706260","https://openalex.org/W4309816106","https://openalex.org/W4206076729","https://openalex.org/W2161263580","https://openalex.org/W2540994351","https://openalex.org/W2332391531","https://openalex.org/W2364274189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graphene/metal":[0],"oxide-based":[1],"materials":[2],"have":[3,36,55,88],"been":[4,37,89],"demonstrated":[5],"as":[6,31,62],"promising":[7],"candidates":[8],"for":[9,109,134],"gas":[10,44,52,112,135],"sensing":[11,17,45,79,115],"applications":[12,127],"due":[13],"to":[14,41,91,101],"the":[15,23,43,63,92,110,123],"enhanced":[16,111],"performance":[18],"and":[19,66,69,106,126],"synergetic":[20],"effects":[21],"of":[22,27,81,95,128],"two":[24],"components.":[25],"Plenty":[26],"metal":[28],"oxides":[29,83,98],"such":[30,61],"SnO\u2082,":[32],"ZnO,":[33],"WO\u2083,":[34],"etc.":[35],"hybridized":[38],"with":[39],"graphene":[40],"improve":[42],"properties.":[46],"However,":[47],"graphene/metal":[48,82,97,131],"oxide":[49,132],"nanohybrid-":[50],"based":[51],"sensors":[53],"still":[54],"several":[56],"limitations":[57],"in":[58,73,122],"practical":[59],"application":[60],"insufficient":[64],"sensitivity":[65],"response":[67],"rate,":[68],"long":[70],"recovery":[71],"time":[72],"some":[74],"cases.":[75],"To":[76],"achieve":[77],"higher":[78],"performances":[80],"nanocomposites,":[84],"many":[85],"recent":[86,120],"efforts":[87],"devoted":[90],"controllable":[93],"synthesis":[94],"3D":[96,129],"architectures":[99],"owing":[100],"their":[102],"large":[103],"surface":[104],"area":[105],"well-organized":[107],"structure":[108],"adsorption/diffusion":[113],"on":[114],"films.":[116],"This":[117],"review":[118],"summarizes":[119],"advances":[121],"synthesis,":[124],"assembly,":[125],"architectured":[130],"hybrids":[133],"sensing.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}