{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2802583490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051310","title":"Stand-Off Detection of Alcohol Vapors Exhaled by Humans","display_name":"Stand-Off Detection of Alcohol Vapors Exhaled by Humans","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2802583490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051310","mag":"2802583490","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29695094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051310","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1310/pdf?version=1525349688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1310/pdf?version=1525349688","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045013638","display_name":"Jaros\u0142aw M\u0142y\u0144czak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaroslaw Mlynczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Witolda Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-9302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Witolda Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012957521","display_name":"Jan Kubicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-7850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Kubicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Witolda Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Witolda Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052341158","display_name":"Krzysztof Kopczy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3319-3940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800249161","display_name":"Military University of Technology in Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/05fct5h31","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Kopczynski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Witolda Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Gen. Witolda Urbanowicza 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045013638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800249161"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4457,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60921154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"1310","last_page":"1310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol","display_name":"Alcohol","score":0.6872844696044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaled-air","display_name":"Exhaled air","score":0.6262402534484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"Alcohol consumption","score":0.5249031782150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-alcohol","display_name":"Blood alcohol","score":0.5218397974967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breath-gas-analysis","display_name":"Breath gas analysis","score":0.4584881663322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45318692922592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2501746416091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poison-control","display_name":"Poison control","score":0.243953675031662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.22904816269874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.22824081778526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-emergency","display_name":"Medical emergency","score":0.1641983985900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-prevention","display_name":"Injury prevention","score":0.14635729789733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11110171675682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicology","display_name":"Toxicology","score":0.0872831642627716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781066024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156","display_name":"Alcohol","level":2,"score":0.6872844696044922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020341094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Exhaled air","level":2,"score":0.6262402534484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019635848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154","display_name":"Alcohol consumption","level":3,"score":0.5249031782150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994312012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886470","display_name":"Blood alcohol","level":4,"score":0.5218397974967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93353639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754258","display_name":"Breath gas analysis","level":2,"score":0.4584881663322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45318692922592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2501746416091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.243953675031662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.22904816269874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.22824081778526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.1641983985900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.14635729789733887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11110171675682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.0872831642627716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000431","descriptor_name":"Ethanol","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000431","descriptor_name":"Ethanol","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000431","descriptor_name":"Ethanol","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001944","descriptor_name":"Breath Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001944","descriptor_name":"Breath Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001944","descriptor_name":"Breath Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005740","descriptor_name":"Gases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017132","descriptor_name":"Workplace","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017132","descriptor_name":"Workplace","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017132","descriptor_name":"Workplace","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D045853","descriptor_name":"Exhalation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045853","descriptor_name":"Exhalation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045853","descriptor_name":"Exhalation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051310","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1310/pdf?version=1525349688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29695094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29695094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ccd3581269548ac89d06d43268dfa8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ccd3581269548ac89d06d43268dfa8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 5, p 1310 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4940511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5982118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/5/1310/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18051310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 5; Pages: 1310","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18051310","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051310","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/5/1310/pdf?version=1525349688","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2802583490.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2802583490.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W298028419","https://openalex.org/W1751589385","https://openalex.org/W2035616341","https://openalex.org/W2082150221","https://openalex.org/W2147685435","https://openalex.org/W2157712629","https://openalex.org/W2157961520","https://openalex.org/W2217103137","https://openalex.org/W2236397603","https://openalex.org/W2551771963","https://openalex.org/W3117924879","https://openalex.org/W6610567065","https://openalex.org/W6688650881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2753478276","https://openalex.org/W2261398335","https://openalex.org/W2333909762","https://openalex.org/W3025034074","https://openalex.org/W1992715534","https://openalex.org/W2883767505","https://openalex.org/W1972736574","https://openalex.org/W4248817419","https://openalex.org/W2078150983","https://openalex.org/W2050939967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"detection":[1,29,154],"of":[2,7,27,30,43,52,55,66,70,74,77,121,128,141],"humans":[3,37,132],"under":[4],"the":[5,24,33,44,71,75,82,87,95,115,119,126],"influence":[6],"alcohol":[8,31,83,112,153],"in":[9,32,114,155],"public":[10,13],"places":[11],"(workplace,":[12],"gathering)":[14],"is":[15,48],"particularly":[16],"important":[17],"for":[18,86],"safety":[19],"reasons.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22,142],"article,":[23],"theoretical":[25],"analysis":[26],"stand-off":[28],"air":[34,117],"exhaled":[35,116],"by":[36,94],"as":[38,40],"well":[39],"experimental":[41,46],"results":[42,140],"developed":[45,107],"setup":[47],"presented.":[49],"The":[50,64,90,139],"concept":[51,127],"differential":[53],"absorption":[54],"two":[56,78],"laser":[57],"beams":[58],"at":[59,118],"different":[60],"wavelengths":[61],"was":[62,84,92,99,137],"used.":[63],"idea":[65,91],"using":[67],"standard":[68],"deviation":[69],"relative":[72],"difference":[73],"amplitudes":[76],"signals":[79],"to":[80,147],"detect":[81,111],"applied":[85],"first":[88],"time.":[89],"verified":[93],"experiments":[96],"and":[97],"it":[98],"shown":[100],"that":[101,108],"a":[102,134],"reliable":[103],"device":[104,130],"can":[105,109],"be":[106,145],"efficiently":[110],"concentration":[113],"level":[120],"0.3":[122],"mg/L":[123],"(0.63‰).":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"such":[129],"examining":[131],"entering":[133],"specific":[135],"area":[136],"proposed.":[138],"article":[143],"may":[144],"useful":[146],"scientists":[148],"or":[149],"engineers":[150],"working":[151],"on":[152],"human":[156],"blood.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}