{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2797261163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041188","title":"Research on a Visual Electronic Nose System Based on Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer","display_name":"Research on a Visual Electronic Nose System Based on Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2797261163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041188","mag":"2797261163","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29652805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041188","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318940","display_name":"Wenli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4989-7950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenli Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Sha Pingba, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Sha Pingba, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080909831","display_name":"Fengchun Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-6690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fengchun Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Sha Pingba, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-6690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Sha Pingba, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075258333","display_name":"An Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6060-949X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Sha Pingba, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Sha Pingba, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079479253","display_name":"Youwen Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youwen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Sha Pingba, Chongqing 400044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Sha Pingba, Chongqing 400044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080909831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56727411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1188","last_page":"1188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12321","display_name":"Insect Pheromone Research and Control","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9684000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-nose","display_name":"Electronic nose","score":0.7784993648529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6666252017021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterodyne","display_name":"Heterodyne (poetry)","score":0.5938194990158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5559699535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5404324531555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.5338863730430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centroid","display_name":"Centroid","score":0.4921838343143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.49134984612464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.487839013338089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.468778520822525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.45123323798179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.41474097967147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2933024764060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13633722066879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10158264636993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09764271974563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.09159493446350098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23895516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550092","display_name":"Electronic nose","level":2,"score":0.7784993648529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6666252017021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780497637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938394","display_name":"Heterodyne (poetry)","level":2,"score":0.5938194990158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5559699535369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5404324531555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.5338863730430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146599234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511093","display_name":"Centroid","level":2,"score":0.4921838343143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.49134984612464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.487839013338089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.468778520822525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.45123323798179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.41474097967147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2933024764060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13633722066879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10158264636993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09764271974563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.09159493446350098}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29652805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29652805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf0756f1bce643f49ac46b85632ac2bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf0756f1bce643f49ac46b85632ac2bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 4, p 1188 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4874428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5948887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/4/1188/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 4; Pages: 1188","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G358494819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106112017CDJXY160003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8695737267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106112017CDJPT160001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1017173347","https://openalex.org/W1457649997","https://openalex.org/W1973798705","https://openalex.org/W1985421797","https://openalex.org/W1990831718","https://openalex.org/W1993757234","https://openalex.org/W1997082874","https://openalex.org/W1998584495","https://openalex.org/W1999321935","https://openalex.org/W2003176591","https://openalex.org/W2009484047","https://openalex.org/W2029526848","https://openalex.org/W2034460407","https://openalex.org/W2036455951","https://openalex.org/W2039222602","https://openalex.org/W2042527364","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2045046598","https://openalex.org/W2049844305","https://openalex.org/W2054141768","https://openalex.org/W2060315146","https://openalex.org/W2068415288","https://openalex.org/W2070376693","https://openalex.org/W2072195784","https://openalex.org/W2076266098","https://openalex.org/W2079828990","https://openalex.org/W2080130560","https://openalex.org/W2085491701","https://openalex.org/W2085863478","https://openalex.org/W2092314913","https://openalex.org/W2114825324","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2165899560","https://openalex.org/W2172277931","https://openalex.org/W2181904299","https://openalex.org/W2197400149","https://openalex.org/W2296168950","https://openalex.org/W2313339984","https://openalex.org/W2462215089","https://openalex.org/W2513845020","https://openalex.org/W2592748762","https://openalex.org/W2610765550","https://openalex.org/W2724959920","https://openalex.org/W2728330464","https://openalex.org/W2735790057","https://openalex.org/W2768808862","https://openalex.org/W2903058824","https://openalex.org/W4232381487","https://openalex.org/W6670006028","https://openalex.org/W6685945711","https://openalex.org/W6757135011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056596841","https://openalex.org/W2349581046","https://openalex.org/W2080410076","https://openalex.org/W2912293709","https://openalex.org/W1596740836","https://openalex.org/W3038204311","https://openalex.org/W2186101196","https://openalex.org/W3039354370","https://openalex.org/W2387908128","https://openalex.org/W2981254835"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"absorption":[1,40],"gas":[2,44],"sensing":[3,21],"technology":[4],"has":[5],"the":[6,20,29,43,46,56,80,96,136,139],"characteristics":[7],"of":[8,23,31,42,48,58,79,138],"massive":[9],"parallelism,":[10],"cross-sensitivity":[11],"and":[12,86,101],"extensive":[13],"responsiveness,":[14],"which":[15,54],"make":[16],"it":[17],"suitable":[18],"for":[19,108],"task":[22],"an":[24,93],"electronic":[25],"nose":[26],"(e-nose).":[27],"With":[28],"performance":[30],"hyperspectral":[32],"resolution,":[33],"spatial":[34],"heterodyne":[35],"spectrometer":[36],"(SHS)":[37],"can":[38],"present":[39],"spectra":[41],"in":[45],"form":[47],"a":[49,66,76],"two":[50],"dimensional":[51],"(2D)":[52],"interferogram":[53],"facilitates":[55],"analysis":[57,133],"gases":[59],"with":[60],"mature":[61],"image":[62],"processing":[63],"techniques.":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"visual":[67,81,88,140],"e-nose":[68,82,141],"system":[69,83],"based":[70,114],"on":[71,115,130],"SHS":[72],"was":[73,84],"proposed.":[74],"Firstly,":[75],"theoretical":[77],"model":[78],"constructed":[85],"its":[87],"maps":[89],"were":[90,106,126],"obtained":[91],"by":[92],"experiment.":[94],"Then":[95],"local":[97],"binary":[98],"pattern":[99,131],"(LBP)":[100],"Gray-Level":[102],"Co-occurrence":[103],"Matrix":[104],"(GLCM)":[105],"used":[107],"feature":[109],"extraction.":[110],"Finally,":[111],"classification":[112],"algorithms":[113],"distance":[116,122],"similarity":[117],"(Correlation":[118],"coefficient":[119],"(CC);":[120],"Euclidean":[121],"to":[123,128,134],"centroids":[124],"(EDC))":[125],"chosen":[127],"carry":[129],"recognition":[132],"verify":[135],"feasibility":[137],"system.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}