{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2797697321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041186","title":"Practical 3-D Beam Pattern Based Channel Modeling for Multi-Polarized Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Practical 3-D Beam Pattern Based Channel Modeling for Multi-Polarized Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2797697321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041186","mag":"2797697321","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29649177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1186/pdf?version=1525348266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1186/pdf?version=1525348266","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039166283","display_name":"Saeid Aghaeinezhadfirouzja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Aghaeinezhadfirouzja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021403424","display_name":"Hui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-9570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077606519","display_name":"Ali Balador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-7763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800664555","display_name":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden","ror":"https://ror.org/03nnxqz81","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Balador","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Innovation, Design and Technology (IDT), M\u00e4lardalen University, 72123 V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","RISE SICS V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Stora gatan 36, 722 12 V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-7763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Innovation, Design and Technology (IDT), M\u00e4lardalen University, 72123 V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RISE SICS V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Stora gatan 36, 722 12 V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077606519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555","https://openalex.org/I82509713"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.1975,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51258928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1186","last_page":"1186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.8688760995864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7068572044372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6040210127830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.6021130084991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.5799838304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.5721296668052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.530738890171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.4928932189941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4731296896934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.43257153034210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3960976004600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3512415289878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.33494076132774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24739831686019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16966989636421204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.8688760995864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7068572044372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6040210127830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.6021130084991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.5799838304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.5721296668052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.530738890171051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4928932189941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4731296896934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.43257153034210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3960976004600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3512415289878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.33494076132774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24739831686019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16966989636421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1186/pdf?version=1525348266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29649177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29649177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:mdh-39078","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402234","display_name":"DiVA (M\u00e4lardalen University College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","host_organization_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a6b24748cdc464b96af6eca7e567eb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a6b24748cdc464b96af6eca7e567eb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 4, p 1186 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4874318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5948718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/4/1186/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041186","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 4; Pages: 1186","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041186","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041186","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1186/pdf?version=1525348266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8074070800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"692529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","funder_display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327207","display_name":"Electronic Components and Systems for European Leadership","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2797697321.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2797697321.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488400466","https://openalex.org/W1509061701","https://openalex.org/W1997036878","https://openalex.org/W2065042657","https://openalex.org/W2078352566","https://openalex.org/W2095722879","https://openalex.org/W2096008043","https://openalex.org/W2102362349","https://openalex.org/W2105118201","https://openalex.org/W2119597134","https://openalex.org/W2124175354","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2138483811","https://openalex.org/W2146044034","https://openalex.org/W2159995098","https://openalex.org/W2163138196","https://openalex.org/W2168764826","https://openalex.org/W2170280289","https://openalex.org/W2189783830","https://openalex.org/W2497016966","https://openalex.org/W2529567998","https://openalex.org/W2540018060","https://openalex.org/W2559558357","https://openalex.org/W2595628249","https://openalex.org/W2896016269","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W4205533812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348542094","https://openalex.org/W2072356891","https://openalex.org/W2097842859","https://openalex.org/W2964887166","https://openalex.org/W2081270133","https://openalex.org/W2165157405","https://openalex.org/W2773932882","https://openalex.org/W2954308722","https://openalex.org/W2089165520","https://openalex.org/W2804688709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,100],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,84],"practical":[4],"non-stationary":[5,85],"three-dimensional":[6],"(3-D)":[7],"channel":[8,81,139],"models":[9,140,161],"for":[10,19,47,67],"massive":[11,106],"multiple-input":[12],"multiple-output":[13],"(MIMO)":[14],"systems,":[15],"considering":[16],"beam":[17,26],"patterns":[18,27],"different":[20,33,38,55],"antenna":[21,30,69,149],"elements,":[22],"is":[23,130],"proposed.":[24],"The":[25,157],"using":[28,164],"dipole":[29],"elements":[31],"with":[32],"phase":[34],"excitation":[35],"toward":[36],"the":[37,51,73,76,90,95,119,136,147],"direction":[39],"of":[40,58,64,75,87,121,124,135,146],"travels":[41],"(DoTs)":[42],"contributes":[43],"various":[44],"correlation":[45,129],"weights":[46],"rays":[48],"related":[49],"towards/from":[50],"cluster,":[52],"thus":[53],"providing":[54],"elevation":[56,62,144],"angle":[57,63],"arrivals":[59],"(EAoAs)":[60],"and":[61,97,143,153],"departures":[65],"(EAoDs)":[66],"each":[68],"element.":[70],"These":[71],"include":[72],"movements":[74],"user":[77],"that":[78],"makes":[79],"our":[80],"to":[82],"be":[83],"model":[86],"clusters":[88],"at":[89],"receiver":[91],"(RX)":[92],"on":[93,104,126,141],"both":[94],"time":[96],"array":[98],"axes.":[99],"addition,":[101],"their":[102],"impacts":[103],"3-D":[105,138,159],"MIMO":[107],"channels":[108],"are":[109,150,162],"investigated":[110],"via":[111],"statistical":[112],"properties":[113],"including":[114],"received":[115,127],"spatial":[116,128],"correlation.":[117],"Additionally,":[118],"impact":[120],"elevation/azimuth":[122],"angles":[123,145],"arrival":[125],"discussed.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"experimental":[133],"validation":[134],"proposed":[137,158],"azimuth":[142],"polarized":[148],"specifically":[151],"evaluated":[152],"compared":[154],"through":[155],"simulations.":[156],"generic":[160],"verified":[163],"relevant":[165],"measurement":[166],"data.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}