{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796794242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041143","title":"Absolute Measurement of the Refractive Index of Water by a Mode-Locked Laser at 518 nm","display_name":"Absolute Measurement of the Refractive Index of Water by a Mode-Locked Laser at 518 nm","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796794242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041143","mag":"2796794242","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29642518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1143/pdf?version=1525347650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1143/pdf?version=1525347650","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005604730","display_name":"Zhaopeng Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-5952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaopeng Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Software, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Software, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047397489","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-5470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155365","display_name":"National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/04fhteb31","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210155365"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China","School of Computer Software, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin 300112, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155365"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Software, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027428789","display_name":"Jianguo Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8964-9759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Software, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Software, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710655","display_name":"Zhiyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-532X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025744665","display_name":"Hanzhong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-4701"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025744665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6356,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69236823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1143","last_page":"1143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.7731266021728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.7083771228790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6671006679534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6114157438278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5849978923797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.5575145483016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/michelson-interferometer","display_name":"Michelson interferometer","score":0.5329246520996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5137382745742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-expansion","display_name":"Thermal expansion","score":0.4427880346775055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22015541791915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.09163093566894531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.7731266021728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7083771228790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6671006679534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6114157438278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5849978923797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5575145483016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9809166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733088","display_name":"Michelson interferometer","level":3,"score":0.5329246520996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5137382745742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47463417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6583695","display_name":"Thermal expansion","level":2,"score":0.4427880346775055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22015541791915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09163093566894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1143/pdf?version=1525347650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29642518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29642518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:246a115bc2fb4743bf1b064466e2a92b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/246a115bc2fb4743bf1b064466e2a92b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 4, p 1143 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4874077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5948475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/4/1143/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 4; Pages: 1143","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041143","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1143/pdf?version=1525347650","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8713144920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61505140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2796794242.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2796794242.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967701561","https://openalex.org/W1968606906","https://openalex.org/W1978612981","https://openalex.org/W1983407112","https://openalex.org/W1985732568","https://openalex.org/W1986842469","https://openalex.org/W1988917679","https://openalex.org/W1997923305","https://openalex.org/W2005894732","https://openalex.org/W2013564512","https://openalex.org/W2018892602","https://openalex.org/W2029034297","https://openalex.org/W2032128953","https://openalex.org/W2036818315","https://openalex.org/W2038687409","https://openalex.org/W2039111904","https://openalex.org/W2054669235","https://openalex.org/W2055460314","https://openalex.org/W2057025511","https://openalex.org/W2058313083","https://openalex.org/W2060077273","https://openalex.org/W2063108409","https://openalex.org/W2070635795","https://openalex.org/W2075837154","https://openalex.org/W2087665880","https://openalex.org/W2088218388","https://openalex.org/W2097868227","https://openalex.org/W2100001783","https://openalex.org/W2124016474","https://openalex.org/W2132374799","https://openalex.org/W2149886808","https://openalex.org/W2150621410","https://openalex.org/W2154647909","https://openalex.org/W2163749277","https://openalex.org/W2186439911","https://openalex.org/W2277206483","https://openalex.org/W2344653317","https://openalex.org/W2345019601","https://openalex.org/W2418339671","https://openalex.org/W2435785294","https://openalex.org/W2606101551","https://openalex.org/W2772203451","https://openalex.org/W2777653740","https://openalex.org/W2789617802","https://openalex.org/W6678204823","https://openalex.org/W6718289903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2552882567","https://openalex.org/W2781378818","https://openalex.org/W2055212743","https://openalex.org/W2043348382","https://openalex.org/W1983075060","https://openalex.org/W2372667864","https://openalex.org/W2075723552","https://openalex.org/W1971200888","https://openalex.org/W2028312166","https://openalex.org/W4242048312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"demonstrate":[4],"a":[5,8,23,28,34,38,59,62,65,117],"method":[6,108],"using":[7],"frequency":[9],"comb,":[10],"which":[11,27,44],"can":[12,70,74,95,109],"precisely":[13],"measure":[14,110],"the":[15,47,51,76,88,99,111,131,135],"refractive":[16,91,112],"index":[17,92,113],"of":[18,46,50,67,93,114,120],"water.":[19],"We":[20,73],"have":[21],"developed":[22],"simple":[24],"system,":[25],"in":[26,87],"Michelson":[29],"interferometer":[30],"is":[31,54],"placed":[32],"into":[33],"quartz-glass":[35],"container":[36,53],"with":[37,83,116,130],"low":[39],"expansion":[40,49],"coefficient,":[41],"and":[42],"for":[43],"compensation":[45],"thermal":[48],"water":[52,86,94,115],"not":[55],"required.":[56],"By":[57],"scanning":[58],"mirror":[60],"on":[61],"moving":[63],"stage,":[64],"pair":[66],"cross-correlation":[68,81],"patterns":[69],"be":[71,96],"generated.":[72],"obtain":[75],"length":[77],"information":[78],"via":[79],"these":[80],"patterns,":[82],"or":[84],"without":[85],"container.":[89],"The":[90],"measured":[97],"by":[98,134],"resulting":[100],"lengths.":[101],"Long-term":[102],"experimental":[103],"results":[104],"show":[105],"that":[106],"our":[107],"high":[118],"degree":[119],"accuracy\u2014measurement":[121],"uncertainty":[122],"at":[123],"10\u22125":[124],"level":[125],"has":[126],"been":[127],"achieved,":[128],"compared":[129],"values":[132],"calculated":[133],"empirical":[136],"formula.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}