{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794853701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041028","title":"Quantifying the Accuracy of Digital Hemispherical Photography for Leaf Area Index Estimates on Broad-Leaved Tree Species","display_name":"Quantifying the Accuracy of Digital Hemispherical Photography for Leaf Area Index Estimates on Broad-Leaved Tree Species","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794853701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041028","mag":"2794853701","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29596376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1028/pdf?version=1525345827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1028/pdf?version=1525345827","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048838634","display_name":"Carlo Gilardelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-7831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Gilardelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cassandra Lab, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, DESP, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cassandra Lab, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, DESP, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017368322","display_name":"Francesca Orlando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3504-7901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Orlando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences\u2014Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, DESP, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences\u2014Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, DESP, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025671954","display_name":"Ermes Movedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0712-6082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ermes Movedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cassandra Lab, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, DESP, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cassandra Lab, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, DESP, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101880562","display_name":"Roberto Confalonieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1941-2975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Confalonieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cassandra Lab, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, DESP, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cassandra Lab, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, DESP, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048838634","https://openalex.org/A5101880562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":1503,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1620},"fwci":0.5852,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70725632,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1028","last_page":"1028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10266","display_name":"Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.854706883430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.7804218530654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.7547326683998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"Reproducibility","score":0.5815860033035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5791909694671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5371606349945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5338384509086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4929389953613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3549351096153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21316328644752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14709049463272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13926824927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1097046434879303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06725329160690308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.854706883430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.7804218530654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.7547326683998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.5815860033035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5791909694671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5371606349945068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5338384509086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4929389953613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3549351096153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21316328644752502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14709049463272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13926824927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1097046434879303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06725329160690308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016468","descriptor_name":"Forestry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016468","descriptor_name":"Forestry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016468","descriptor_name":"Forestry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1028/pdf?version=1525345827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29596376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29596376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/568020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2434/568020","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2434/568020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c38948a59a9948febe493e32c7e01f98","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c38948a59a9948febe493e32c7e01f98","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 4, p 1028 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4874450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5948923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/517168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11379/517168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/4/1028/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 4; Pages: 1028","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041028","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1028/pdf?version=1525345827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2794853701.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2794853701.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W588437159","https://openalex.org/W1978239142","https://openalex.org/W1984558703","https://openalex.org/W1987044512","https://openalex.org/W1993752013","https://openalex.org/W1999059855","https://openalex.org/W2001098976","https://openalex.org/W2009080236","https://openalex.org/W2015349583","https://openalex.org/W2016085577","https://openalex.org/W2020483366","https://openalex.org/W2027837212","https://openalex.org/W2038617433","https://openalex.org/W2063418562","https://openalex.org/W2082546393","https://openalex.org/W2085216308","https://openalex.org/W2095110822","https://openalex.org/W2095958845","https://openalex.org/W2098007776","https://openalex.org/W2107467817","https://openalex.org/W2119150010","https://openalex.org/W2127723859","https://openalex.org/W2127831475","https://openalex.org/W2128049316","https://openalex.org/W2140288516","https://openalex.org/W2161491521","https://openalex.org/W2162856031","https://openalex.org/W2167248655","https://openalex.org/W2558084652","https://openalex.org/W3211839279","https://openalex.org/W6670952615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W638612878","https://openalex.org/W2355957485","https://openalex.org/W1968795594","https://openalex.org/W2391646176","https://openalex.org/W2353380786","https://openalex.org/W1808777170","https://openalex.org/W2086083558","https://openalex.org/W2417306072","https://openalex.org/W4231506970","https://openalex.org/W3037204814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"hemispherical":[1,23],"photography":[2],"(DHP)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"to":[8,48,149,199],"estimate":[9],"leaf":[10],"area":[11],"index":[12],"(LAI)":[13],"in":[14,19,154,193,261],"forestry.":[15],"Despite":[16,233],"the":[17,20,50,64,68,74,79,103,120,123,155,173,179,183,200,203,214,222,225,238,256],"advancement":[18],"processing":[21],"of":[22,44,52,78,89,102,122,135,152,172,182,202,213,224,259],"images":[24,114],"with":[25,115,146,169,245],"dedicated":[26],"tools,":[27],"several":[28],"steps":[29],"are":[30,243],"still":[31],"manual":[32],"and":[33,40,76,137,165],"thus":[34,81],"easily":[35],"affected":[36],"by":[37],"user\u2019s":[38,53],"experience":[39],"sensibility.":[41],"The":[42,128,217],"purpose":[43],"this":[45],"study":[46],"was":[47,126,231],"quantify":[49],"impact":[51],"subjectivity":[54],"on":[55,228],"DHP":[56,242,260],"LAI":[57,143,157,167,175,184,229,253],"estimates":[58,230],"for":[59,85,94,131,141,163,191,210,241,248,252],"broad-leaved":[60,90,262],"woody":[61,263],"canopies":[62,91],"using":[63,111],"software":[65],"Can-Eye.":[66],"Following":[67],"ISO":[69],"5725":[70],"protocol,":[71],"we":[72,106],"quantified":[73,108],"repeatability":[75,136],"reproducibility":[77],"method,":[80],"defining":[82],"its":[83,109],"precision":[84,132],"a":[86,99,150,170,234],"wide":[87],"range":[88,185],"markedly":[92],"differing":[93],"their":[95],"structure.":[96,216],"To":[97],"get":[98],"complete":[100],"evaluation":[101],"method":[104,125,227],"accuracy,":[105],"also":[107],"trueness":[110],"artificial":[112],"canopy":[113,117,215],"known":[116],"cover.":[118],"Moreover,":[119],"effect":[121,223],"segmentation":[124,226],"analysed.":[127],"best":[129],"results":[130,160,188,207],"(restrained":[133],"limits":[134,147],"reproducibility)":[138],"were":[139,161,189,208],"obtained":[140,162],"high":[142],"values":[144,176],"(>5)":[145],"corresponding":[148],"variation":[151,171],"22%":[153],"estimated":[156,174,204],"values.":[158],"Poorer":[159],"medium":[164],"low":[166],"values,":[168],"that":[177,221],"exceeded":[178],"40%.":[180],"Regardless":[181],"explored,":[186],"satisfactory":[187],"achieved":[190,209],"trees":[192],"row-structured":[194],"plantations":[195],"(limits":[196],"almost":[197],"equal":[198],"30%":[201],"LAI).":[205],"Satisfactory":[206],"trueness,":[211],"regardless":[212],"paired":[218],"t-test":[219],"revealed":[220],"significant.":[232],"non-negligible":[235],"user":[236],"effect,":[237],"accuracy":[239],"metrics":[240],"consistent":[244],"those":[246],"determined":[247],"other":[249],"indirect":[250],"methods":[251],"estimates,":[254],"confirming":[255],"overall":[257],"reliability":[258],"canopies.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}