{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794856002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041019","title":"Poisson\u2013Gaussian Noise Analysis and Estimation for Low-Dose X-ray Images in the NSCT Domain","display_name":"Poisson\u2013Gaussian Noise Analysis and Estimation for Low-Dose X-ray Images in the NSCT Domain","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794856002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041019","mag":"2794856002","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29596335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1019/pdf?version=1525345729","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1019/pdf?version=1525345729","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416601","display_name":"Sangyoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-5431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangyoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034176785","display_name":"Min Goo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-012X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027284352","display_name":"Moon Gi Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-929X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moon Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027284352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.4396,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92050157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"1019","last_page":"1019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contourlet","display_name":"Contourlet","score":0.7959316372871399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.740147590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7100380063056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-noise","display_name":"Gradient noise","score":0.613476037979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.6062940359115601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-noise","display_name":"Value noise","score":0.6058659553527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution","display_name":"Poisson distribution","score":0.5479485988616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5376436114311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5164065957069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shot-noise","display_name":"Shot noise","score":0.504315972328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-noise","display_name":"Image noise","score":0.46291807293891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.4327232241630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.4178476333618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40115848183631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3941642940044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3660336434841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35677337646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.30514949560165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18919581174850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15411028265953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-floor","display_name":"Noise floor","score":0.15365085005760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.10251307487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.09740027785301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.09527996182441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08138567209243774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20479862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165589","display_name":"Contourlet","level":4,"score":0.7959316372871399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.740147590637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7100380063056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200378446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4147391","display_name":"Gradient noise","level":5,"score":0.613476037979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.6062940359115601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182163834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2926529","display_name":"Value noise","level":5,"score":0.6058659553527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.5479485988616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5376436114311218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5164065957069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72659945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503574","display_name":"Shot noise","level":3,"score":0.504315972328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35772409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323086","display_name":"Image noise","level":3,"score":0.46291807293891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.4327232241630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.4178476333618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40115848183631897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3941642940044403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3660336434841156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35677337646484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30514949560165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18919581174850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15411028265953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187612029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083130","display_name":"Noise floor","level":4,"score":0.15365085005760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.10251307487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.09740027785301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.09527996182441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08138567209243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1019/pdf?version=1525345729","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29596335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29596335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a16dca9e89de4ede96b86c2443f31cb0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a16dca9e89de4ede96b86c2443f31cb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 4, p 1019 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4874231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5948630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/4/1019/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18041019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 4; Pages: 1019","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18041019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/4/1019/pdf?version=1525345729","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1501033564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015R1A2A1A14000912","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7560013578","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015R1A2A1A14000912","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2794856002.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2794856002.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003884262","https://openalex.org/W2006221457","https://openalex.org/W2021262032","https://openalex.org/W2022270721","https://openalex.org/W2026517469","https://openalex.org/W2032128798","https://openalex.org/W2098092211","https://openalex.org/W2106002835","https://openalex.org/W2107216283","https://openalex.org/W2108382860","https://openalex.org/W2108855378","https://openalex.org/W2110264793","https://openalex.org/W2110505738","https://openalex.org/W2113945798","https://openalex.org/W2117853853","https://openalex.org/W2120041316","https://openalex.org/W2128989367","https://openalex.org/W2132680427","https://openalex.org/W2136035751","https://openalex.org/W2136396015","https://openalex.org/W2138764034","https://openalex.org/W2146842127","https://openalex.org/W2148593155","https://openalex.org/W2150205499","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2161811007","https://openalex.org/W2167897745","https://openalex.org/W2294576049","https://openalex.org/W2568381517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980586888","https://openalex.org/W2354872990","https://openalex.org/W2561135608","https://openalex.org/W2161471497","https://openalex.org/W4379537582","https://openalex.org/W2955414824","https://openalex.org/W1584319512","https://openalex.org/W2369770188","https://openalex.org/W3215689703","https://openalex.org/W2118587210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,117],"noise":[1,30,40,56,79,86,96,129,143,156,162],"distribution":[2,41,97],"of":[3,26,38,42,87,98,112,131,144,153],"images":[4,90,146],"obtained":[5],"by":[6],"X-ray":[7,89],"sensors":[8],"in":[9,34,45,54,91],"low-dosage":[10],"situations":[11],"can":[12],"be":[13],"analyzed":[14,103],"using":[15,104],"the":[16,27,39,46,50,84,92,99,105,110,113,125,128,132,135,149,154,167],"Poisson":[17],"and":[18,69,82,109,124,134],"Gaussian":[19],"mixture":[20],"model.":[21],"Multiscale":[22],"conversion":[23],"is":[24,49,102,138],"one":[25],"most":[28,51],"popular":[29],"reduction":[31,163],"methods":[32],"used":[33],"recent":[35],"years.":[36],"Estimation":[37],"each":[43],"subband":[44,100,115,133],"multiscale":[47],"domain":[48],"important":[52],"factor":[53],"performing":[55],"reduction,":[57],"with":[58,159],"non-subsampled":[59],"contourlet":[60],"transform":[61],"(NSCT)":[62],"representing":[63],"an":[64,160],"effective":[65],"method":[66,158,164,169],"for":[67],"scale":[68],"direction":[70],"decomposition.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"study,":[74],"we":[75],"use":[76],"artificially":[77],"generated":[78],"to":[80,147],"analyze":[81,142],"estimate":[83],"Poisson-Gaussian":[85,122],"low-dose":[88],"NSCT":[93],"domain.":[94],"coefficients":[101,108],"noiseless":[106],"low-band":[107],"variance":[111],"noisy":[114],"coefficients.":[116],"noise-after-transform":[118],"also":[119],"follows":[120],"a":[121],"distribution,":[123],"relationship":[126],"between":[127],"parameters":[130],"full-band":[136],"image":[137],"identified.":[139],"We":[140],"then":[141],"actual":[145],"validate":[148],"theoretical":[150],"analysis.":[151],"Comparison":[152],"proposed":[155,168],"estimation":[157],"existing":[161],"confirms":[165],"that":[166],"outperforms":[170],"traditional":[171],"methods.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}