{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790630577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030896","title":"A Procedure for Determining Tire-Road Friction Characteristics Using a Modification of the Magic Formula Based on Experimental Results","display_name":"A Procedure for Determining Tire-Road Friction Characteristics Using a Modification of the Magic Formula Based on Experimental Results","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790630577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030896","mag":"2790630577","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29562623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/896/pdf?version=1525344324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/896/pdf?version=1525344324","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020110458","display_name":"Juan Antonio Cabrera Carrillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-4861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Cabrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-4861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066891159","display_name":"Juan J. Castillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-4890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Castillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-4890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000259432","display_name":"Javier P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8292-8069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8292-8069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109394047","display_name":"Juan M. Velasco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Velasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109288120","display_name":"A. Guerra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Guerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaga, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087055207","display_name":"Pedro Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of the Murcia State Roads Demarcation, 30071 Murcia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of the Murcia State Roads Demarcation, 30071 Murcia, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020110458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.4738,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91852582,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"896","last_page":"896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12907","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slip","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","score":0.6864929795265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.6231211423873901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-coefficient","display_name":"Friction coefficient","score":0.5546775460243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rolling-resistance","display_name":"Rolling resistance","score":0.4997406005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.48097124695777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-patch","display_name":"Contact patch","score":0.4730968773365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slip-angle","display_name":"Slip angle","score":0.46191859245300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4606402516365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-friction","display_name":"Coefficient of friction","score":0.44928786158561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4431125223636627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.3436993956565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.30541688203811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.16480004787445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.12320902943611145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195268267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928883","display_name":"Slip (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6864929795265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.6231211423873901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989152160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82580","display_name":"Friction coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5546775460243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77624028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914921","display_name":"Rolling resistance","level":2,"score":0.4997406005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.48097124695777893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41708705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2139959","display_name":"Contact patch","level":4,"score":0.4730968773365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198046988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413792","display_name":"Slip angle","level":3,"score":0.46191859245300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4606402516365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987692278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82580","display_name":"Coefficient of friction","level":2,"score":0.44928786158561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4431125223636627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3436993956565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30541688203811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.16480004787445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.12320902943611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176933379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131877","display_name":"Natural rubber","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155296804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30329684","display_name":"Tread","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/896/pdf?version=1525344324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29562623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29562623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4796656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5876603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a10c0e05a434465aa6a70959bce17468","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a10c0e05a434465aa6a70959bce17468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 3, p 896 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/3/896/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18030896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 3; Pages: 896","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/36446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401385","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de M\u00e1laga (University of M\u00e1laga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","host_organization_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/896/pdf?version=1525344324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2790630577.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2790630577.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11255477","https://openalex.org/W595989705","https://openalex.org/W833875619","https://openalex.org/W1540620569","https://openalex.org/W1910826713","https://openalex.org/W1971317244","https://openalex.org/W1981761715","https://openalex.org/W2024823220","https://openalex.org/W2045310034","https://openalex.org/W2092080811","https://openalex.org/W2103169870","https://openalex.org/W2107602045","https://openalex.org/W2123675046","https://openalex.org/W2133392757","https://openalex.org/W2150876197","https://openalex.org/W2167660088","https://openalex.org/W2318467077","https://openalex.org/W2516263124","https://openalex.org/W4302377786","https://openalex.org/W6620203413","https://openalex.org/W6623326375","https://openalex.org/W6699927943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904350218","https://openalex.org/W321353591","https://openalex.org/W2016502359","https://openalex.org/W2042114389","https://openalex.org/W4252994763","https://openalex.org/W4221066228","https://openalex.org/W1797343084","https://openalex.org/W2475476744","https://openalex.org/W2282929173","https://openalex.org/W2040336289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"of":[1,11,27,37,48,61,114,124,135,143,179,190],"tire-road":[2,58,239],"friction":[3,70,85,145,240],"characteristics":[4,113],"is":[5,21,44,97,138,184],"essential":[6],"for":[7,54],"the":[8,25,35,68,91,95,100,103,110,115,122,125,128,131,141,144,150,156,159,164,169,172,180,188,191,196,212,215],"proper":[9],"performance":[10],"most":[12],"relevant":[13],"vehicle":[14,129,207],"active":[15],"safety":[16],"systems.":[17],"Therefore,":[18],"its":[19,203],"determination":[20],"necessary":[22],"to":[23,31,118,139,186],"improve":[24],"effectiveness":[26],"these":[28,62],"systems":[29],"and":[30,52,56,76,102,112,130,161,163,202,209,214,228],"avoid":[32],"or":[33],"reduce":[34],"consequences":[36],"traffic":[38],"accidents.":[39],"For":[40],"this":[41,136,175],"reason,":[42],"there":[43],"a":[45,177,234,236],"great":[46],"deal":[47],"literature":[49],"concerning":[50],"methods":[51,63],"devices":[53],"measuring":[55],"modeling":[57],"friction.":[59],"Most":[60],"have":[64,117,222],"focused":[65],"on":[66,90,225],"determining":[67],"road":[69,74,104,162,200],"resistance,":[71],"taking":[72,147],"only":[73],"composition":[75,201],"making":[77],"measurements":[78],"in":[79,105,121,155,171],"wet":[80],"conditions":[81],"into":[82,148],"account.":[83],"However,":[84],"forces":[86,170],"are":[87],"also":[88],"dependent":[89],"tire":[92,101,116,160,205,213],"type,":[93,206],"since":[94],"contact":[96],"established":[98],"between":[99,127,211],"real":[106,220],"driving":[107],"conditions.":[108,232],"Thus,":[109],"type":[111],"be":[119],"considered":[120],"study":[123,142],"interaction":[126],"road.":[132,216],"The":[133],"aim":[134],"work":[137],"unify":[140],"coefficient,":[146],"consideration":[149],"two":[151],"existing":[152],"bodies":[153],"involved":[154],"contact,":[157,197],"i.e.,":[158],"main":[165,192],"factors":[166],"that":[167,194],"influence":[168,195],"contact.":[173],"To":[174,217],"end,":[176],"modification":[178],"Pacejka":[181],"Magic":[182],"Formula":[183],"proposed":[185],"include":[187],"effects":[189],"parameters":[193],"such":[198],"as":[199],"state,":[204],"speed,":[208],"slip":[210],"do":[218],"so,":[219],"tests":[221],"been":[223,243],"conducted":[224],"several":[226],"roads":[227],"with":[229],"different":[230],"operating":[231],"As":[233],"result,":[235],"more":[237],"accurate":[238],"model":[241],"has":[242],"obtained.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
