{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794352515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030881","title":"An Energy-Balanced Clustering Protocol Based on an Improved CFSFDP Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"An Energy-Balanced Clustering Protocol Based on an Improved CFSFDP Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794352515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030881","mag":"2794352515","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29547550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030881","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/881/pdf?version=1525337839","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/881/pdf?version=1525337839","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395351","display_name":"Yiming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6450-8485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070153884","display_name":"Mandan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5928-4656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mandan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442494","display_name":"Qingwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-785X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4918-785X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070153884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":5.4836,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9576019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"881","last_page":"881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.8780776858329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7413935661315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7040478587150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.662233293056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5938501358032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5255186557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5022611618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4697233736515045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35726678371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33569443225860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2597121000289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18287354707717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16714471578598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10231739282608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.05917078256607056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.8780776858329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7413935661315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7040478587150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.662233293056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5938501358032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5255186557769775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5022611618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4697233736515045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35726678371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33569443225860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2597121000289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18287354707717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16714471578598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10231739282608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.05917078256607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030881","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/881/pdf?version=1525337839","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29547550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29547550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b88c17b62cb4221a5fd99ed6aa9986d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b88c17b62cb4221a5fd99ed6aa9986d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 3, p 881 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4797021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5877306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/3/881/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18030881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 3; Pages: 881","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030881","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/881/pdf?version=1525337839","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2794352515.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1191516234","https://openalex.org/W1493144892","https://openalex.org/W1977428000","https://openalex.org/W1993885071","https://openalex.org/W2043736138","https://openalex.org/W2047591727","https://openalex.org/W2061376091","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2071362791","https://openalex.org/W2086398381","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2119106551","https://openalex.org/W2129072521","https://openalex.org/W2130403046","https://openalex.org/W2131791946","https://openalex.org/W2164919086","https://openalex.org/W2165835468","https://openalex.org/W2203808635","https://openalex.org/W2336828274","https://openalex.org/W2476643460","https://openalex.org/W2519108489","https://openalex.org/W2542415524","https://openalex.org/W2551230564","https://openalex.org/W2583666291","https://openalex.org/W2604726528","https://openalex.org/W2611891449","https://openalex.org/W2625197571","https://openalex.org/W2625590991","https://openalex.org/W2728363269","https://openalex.org/W2753986954","https://openalex.org/W2766364376","https://openalex.org/W2768960567","https://openalex.org/W2771010023","https://openalex.org/W3147005385","https://openalex.org/W6661298318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W1926736923","https://openalex.org/W2246563867","https://openalex.org/W2084724079","https://openalex.org/W4246416108","https://openalex.org/W2111773953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clustering,":[0],"as":[1,113],"an":[2,6],"essential":[3],"part":[4],"in":[5,62,70,106,137],"hierarchy":[7,60],"protocol":[8,61],"that":[9,144,165],"can":[10,148],"prolong":[11],"the":[12,18,81,87,91,117,121,138,145,152,155],"network":[13],"lifetime,":[14],"is":[15,46,73],"influenced":[16],"by":[17,31,158],"cluster":[19],"head":[20],"selection":[21],"and":[22,34,44,48,129],"clustering":[23,27,30,56,82],"scheme.":[24],"A":[25],"new":[26],"algorithm":[28,57,111],"called":[29],"fast":[32],"search":[33],"finding":[35],"of":[36,90,120,127,154],"density":[37,43],"peaks":[38],"(CFSFDP)":[39],"based":[40],"on":[41],"local":[42],"distance":[45],"implementable":[47],"efficient.":[49],"In":[50,94],"this":[51,55,98],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,100],"combine":[54],"with":[58,172],"a":[59,131],"wireless":[63],"sensor":[64],"networks":[65],"(WSNs).":[66],"However,":[67],"energy":[68,103,118,128,175],"consumption":[69,119],"each":[71,135],"round":[72,136],"unbalanced":[74],"only":[75,150],"considering":[76],"these":[77],"two":[78],"variables":[79],"during":[80],"phase,":[83],"which":[84],"leads":[85],"to":[86,96,114,162,174],"early":[88],"death":[89,153],"first":[92,156],"node.":[93],"order":[95],"solve":[97],"problem,":[99],"take":[101],"residual":[102],"into":[104],"consideration":[105],"our":[107],"improved":[108],"CFSFDP-E":[109,139],"(energy)":[110],"so":[112],"ultimately":[115],"balance":[116],"network.":[122],"We":[123],"analyze":[124],"different":[125],"forms":[126],"choose":[130],"dynamic":[132],"threshold":[133],"for":[134],"algorithm.":[140],"Simulation":[141],"results":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"proposed":[146],"approach":[147],"not":[149],"postpone":[151],"node":[157],"almost":[159],"50%":[160],"compared":[161],"LEACH,":[163],"but":[164],"it":[166],"also":[167],"outperforms":[168],"several":[169],"related":[170],"protocols":[171],"respect":[173],"efficiency.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}