{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2784860238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030756","title":"Estimating and Comparing Dam Deformation Using Classical and GNSS Techniques","display_name":"Estimating and Comparing Dam Deformation Using Classical and GNSS Techniques","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2784860238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030756","mag":"2784860238","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29498650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030756","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/756/pdf?version=1520239513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/756/pdf?version=1520239513","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033843517","display_name":"Riccardo Barzaghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-3841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Barzaghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085632264","display_name":"N. E. Cazzaniga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-7652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noemi Cazzaniga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8949-7652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040742409","display_name":"Carlo Iapige De Gaetani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-2588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo De Gaetani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9214-2588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056646668","display_name":"L. Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-4387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Livio Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-4387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026049788","display_name":"Vincenza Tornatore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-1803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vincenza Tornatore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-1803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA)\u2014Geomatics and Geodesy Section, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026049788"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.6787,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95004882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"756","last_page":"756"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9465563297271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pendulum","display_name":"Pendulum","score":0.5962145924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.5358240604400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5309504866600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.46750956773757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4546516239643097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4378681182861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.42904385924339294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4247046113014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.26704439520835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2370113730430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16231504082679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.14137688279151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10839918255805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.08725035190582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08017167448997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.06856077909469604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9465563297271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110639684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20702","display_name":"Pendulum","level":2,"score":0.5962145924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.5358240604400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5309504866600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.46750956773757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4546516239643097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4378681182861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.42904385924339294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4247046113014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26704439520835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2370113730430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16231504082679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.14137688279151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10839918255805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.08725035190582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08017167448997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06856077909469604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030756","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/756/pdf?version=1520239513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29498650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29498650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1048722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1048722","pdf_url":"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/756/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3235ada89ad40248b51e2231f926092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3235ada89ad40248b51e2231f926092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 3, p 756 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4796642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5876588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/3/756/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18030756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 3; Pages: 756","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030756","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/756/pdf?version=1520239513","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2784860238.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2784860238.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1018526654","https://openalex.org/W1987863459","https://openalex.org/W2001287819","https://openalex.org/W2003285904","https://openalex.org/W2006005267","https://openalex.org/W2034284047","https://openalex.org/W2049052079","https://openalex.org/W2060490425","https://openalex.org/W2086778333","https://openalex.org/W2150938649","https://openalex.org/W2186883736","https://openalex.org/W2202163743","https://openalex.org/W2232607656","https://openalex.org/W2276526936","https://openalex.org/W2461087082","https://openalex.org/W2606966045","https://openalex.org/W2607371210","https://openalex.org/W2617627823","https://openalex.org/W2772108336","https://openalex.org/W2784739051","https://openalex.org/W2898966129","https://openalex.org/W6626400004","https://openalex.org/W6718195437","https://openalex.org/W7043242750","https://openalex.org/W7058313817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W3033823235","https://openalex.org/W4391128647","https://openalex.org/W2881093137","https://openalex.org/W4386787199","https://openalex.org/W4384916587","https://openalex.org/W2163330330","https://openalex.org/W1982137911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"Navigation":[1],"Satellite":[2],"Systems":[3],"(GNSS)":[4],"receivers":[5],"are":[6],"nowadays":[7],"commonly":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10,14,28,75,152],"monitoring":[11,146],"applications,":[12],"e.g.,":[13],"estimating":[15],"crustal":[16],"and":[17,31,40,56,81,107,118,154],"infrastructure":[18],"displacements.":[19],"This":[20,61],"is":[21,74],"basically":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,95,113,134,144],"the":[25,68,135,157,161],"recent":[26],"improvements":[27],"GNSS":[29,82,119,138],"instruments":[30],"methodologies":[32],"that":[33,137],"allow":[34],"high-precision":[35],"positioning,":[36],"24":[37],"h":[38],"availability":[39],"semiautomatic":[41],"data":[42,117],"processing.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"GNSS-estimated":[47],"displacements":[48,159],"on":[49,164],"a":[50,84,148],"dam":[51,145,158],"structure":[52],"have":[53,90,104],"been":[54,64,91,105],"analyzed":[55],"compared":[57],"with":[58,121],"pendulum":[59,80,116,165],"data.":[60],"study":[62],"has":[63],"carried":[65],"out":[66],"for":[67],"Eleonora":[69],"D'Arborea":[70],"(Cantoniera)":[71],"dam,":[72],"which":[73],"Sardinia.":[76],"Time":[77],"series":[78,103],"of":[79,87,124,156],"over":[83],"time":[85,102],"span":[86],"2.5":[88],"years":[89],"aligned":[92],"so":[93],"as":[94],"be":[96,141],"comparable.":[97],"Analytical":[98],"models":[99,110],"fitting":[100],"these":[101],"estimated":[106],"compared.":[108],"Those":[109],"were":[111],"able":[112],"properly":[114],"fit":[115],"data,":[120],"standard":[122],"deviation":[123],"residuals":[125],"smaller":[126],"than":[127,160],"one":[128,162],"millimeter.":[129],"These":[130],"encouraging":[131],"results":[132],"led":[133],"conclusion":[136],"technique":[139],"can":[140],"profitably":[142],"applied":[143],"allowing":[147],"denser":[149],"description,":[150],"both":[151],"space":[153],"time,":[155],"based":[163],"observations.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
