{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792318059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030712","title":"Saliency Detection and Deep Learning-Based Wildfire Identification in UAV Imagery","display_name":"Saliency Detection and Deep Learning-Based Wildfire Identification in UAV Imagery","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792318059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030712","mag":"2792318059","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29495504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030712","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/712/pdf?version=1519899923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/712/pdf?version=1519899923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057609415","display_name":"Yi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-8320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["AInML Lab, School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","AInML Lab, School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AInML Lab, School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AInML Lab, School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101863405","display_name":"Jiale Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-4930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338511","display_name":"Xiaohui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5026-8513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["AInML Lab, School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","AInML Lab, School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AInML Lab, School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang\u2019an University, Xi\u2019an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AInML Lab, School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103083110","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5879-9351"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shengyao Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201112, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5879-9351","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shengyao Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201112, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057609415"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":19.6659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":188,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99777556,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"712","last_page":"712"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6421380043029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6203601956367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.581060528755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4950768053531647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-imagery","display_name":"Aerial imagery","score":0.48192477226257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47367626428604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45697271823883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35139235854148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2290751338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07206973433494568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6421380043029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6203601956367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.581060528755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4950768053531647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987819851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial imagery","level":2,"score":0.48192477226257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47367626428604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45697271823883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35139235854148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2290751338005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07206973433494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030712","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/712/pdf?version=1519899923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29495504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29495504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:462fd45047d941008cf413f73c8cdeda","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/462fd45047d941008cf413f73c8cdeda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 3, p 712 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4796756","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5876738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/3/712/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18030712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 3; Pages: 712","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18030712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030712","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/3/712/pdf?version=1519899923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792318059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792318059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119507845","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1432470681","https://openalex.org/W1521415669","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1597335599","https://openalex.org/W1626169256","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1769915617","https://openalex.org/W1852719163","https://openalex.org/W1971256340","https://openalex.org/W1984282654","https://openalex.org/W1998943389","https://openalex.org/W1999286885","https://openalex.org/W2002926480","https://openalex.org/W2009899523","https://openalex.org/W2011011931","https://openalex.org/W2092985495","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2104929393","https://openalex.org/W2105454024","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2122348296","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2128473925","https://openalex.org/W2146926380","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2209364724","https://openalex.org/W2236370645","https://openalex.org/W2328173111","https://openalex.org/W2576550054","https://openalex.org/W2588499421","https://openalex.org/W2591450040","https://openalex.org/W2603181704","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2950094539","https://openalex.org/W2951813836","https://openalex.org/W3154811403","https://openalex.org/W6604854828","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6637781154","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6675831388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W4383066092","https://openalex.org/W2898732673"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"unmanned":[1],"aerial":[2,112],"vehicle":[3],"(UAV)":[4],"equipped":[5],"with":[6,19],"global":[7],"positioning":[8],"systems":[9],"(GPS)":[10],"can":[11,51,118],"provide":[12],"direct":[13,125],"georeferenced":[14],"imagery,":[15],"mapping":[16],"an":[17,190,198],"area":[18,110],"high":[20],"resolution.":[21],"So":[22],"far,":[23],"the":[24,32,38,115,175],"major":[25],"difficulty":[26],"in":[27,71,85,111,130,223],"wildfire":[28,209,224],"image":[29,139,206],"classification":[30],"is":[31,68,83,128,149,217],"lack":[33],"of":[34,41,79,107,135,174,193,202,229],"unified":[35],"identification":[36],"marks,":[37],"fire":[39,109,138,155],"features":[40],"color,":[42],"shape,":[43],"texture":[44],"(smoke,":[45],"flame,":[46],"or":[47],"both)":[48],"and":[49,90,105,133,158,164,227],"background":[50],"vary":[52],"significantly":[53],"from":[54],"one":[55],"scene":[56],"to":[57],"another.":[58],"Deep":[59,64],"learning":[60],"(e.g.,":[61],"DCNN":[62,145,176],"for":[63,102,207],"Convolutional":[65],"Neural":[66],"Network)":[67],"very":[69],"effective":[70],"high-level":[72],"feature":[73,121,156],"learning,":[74],"however,":[75],"a":[76,97,136,153],"substantial":[77],"amount":[78],"training":[80],"images":[81,222],"dataset":[82,140],"obligatory":[84],"optimizing":[86],"its":[87,179,213],"weights":[88],"value":[89],"coefficients.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"work,":[94],"we":[95],"proposed":[96,116,183],"new":[98],"saliency":[99],"detection":[100],"algorithm":[101],"fast":[103],"location":[104],"segmentation":[106],"core":[108],"images.":[113],"As":[114],"method":[117],"effectively":[119],"avoid":[120],"loss":[122],"caused":[123],"by":[124,188],"resizing;":[126],"it":[127],"used":[129],"data":[131],"augmentation":[132],"formation":[134],"standard":[137],"'UAV_Fire'.":[141],"A":[142],"15-layered":[143],"self-learning":[144,154],"architecture":[146,184],"named":[147],"'Fire_Net'":[148,196],"then":[150],"presented":[151],"as":[152],"exactor":[157],"classifier.":[159],"We":[160],"evaluated":[161],"different":[162],"architectures":[163],"several":[165],"key":[166],"parameters":[167],"(drop":[168],"out":[169],"ratio,":[170],"batch":[171],"size,":[172],"etc.)":[173],"model":[177],"regarding":[178],"validation":[180],"accuracy.":[181],"The":[182],"outperformed":[185],"previous":[186],"methods":[187],"achieving":[189],"overall":[191],"accuracy":[192],"98%.":[194],"Furthermore,":[195],"guarantied":[197],"average":[199],"processing":[200],"speed":[201],"41.5":[203],"ms":[204],"per":[205],"real-time":[208],"inspection.":[210],"To":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"practical":[214],"utility,":[215],"Fire_Net":[216],"tested":[218],"on":[219],"40":[220],"sampled":[221],"news":[225],"reports":[226],"all":[228],"them":[230],"have":[231],"been":[232],"accurately":[233],"identified.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
