{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792733798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020627","title":"Temporal and Fine-Grained Pedestrian Action Recognition on Driving Recorder Database","display_name":"Temporal and Fine-Grained Pedestrian Action Recognition on Driving Recorder Database","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792733798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020627","mag":"2792733798","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29461473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18020627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/627/pdf?version=1519390227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/627/pdf?version=1519390227","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011507481","display_name":"Hirokatsu Kataoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-165X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hirokatsu Kataoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-165X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043995369","display_name":"Yutaka Satoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutaka Satoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070908826","display_name":"Yoshimitsu Aoki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-0027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshimitsu Aoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104274608","display_name":"Shoko Oikawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoko Oikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0364, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0364, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102874634","display_name":"Yasuhiro Matsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1221-4252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159335","display_name":"National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05nsenn51","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159335"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiro Matsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Tokyo 182-0012, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1221-4252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Tokyo 182-0012, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159335"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011507481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89729682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"627","last_page":"627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.9008845090866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6897563934326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5970986485481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.5936976075172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.538664698600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5355603098869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.4997990131378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47415560483932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3373427391052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.1194150447845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10768675804138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0739583671092987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.9008845090866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6897563934326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5970986485481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.5936976075172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.538664698600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5355603098869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.4997990131378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47415560483932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3373427391052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.1194150447845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10768675804138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0739583671092987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000063","descriptor_name":"Accidents, Traffic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069636","descriptor_name":"Pedestrians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069636","descriptor_name":"Pedestrians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069636","descriptor_name":"Pedestrians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012449","descriptor_name":"Safety","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18020627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/627/pdf?version=1519390227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29461473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29461473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15bc37acf9c7421ea977deadbdd91115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15bc37acf9c7421ea977deadbdd91115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 2, p 627 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/2/627/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18020627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 2; Pages: 627","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5855092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5855092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18020627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/627/pdf?version=1519390227","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311508","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792733798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792733798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493767738","https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1595717062","https://openalex.org/W1599933961","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1650122911","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1910108985","https://openalex.org/W1921093919","https://openalex.org/W1944615693","https://openalex.org/W2009740217","https://openalex.org/W2012592962","https://openalex.org/W2020163092","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2068611653","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2105101328","https://openalex.org/W2107775979","https://openalex.org/W2121955477","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2155541015","https://openalex.org/W2159386181","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2342662179","https://openalex.org/W2415234561","https://openalex.org/W2440384215","https://openalex.org/W2461677039","https://openalex.org/W2468368736","https://openalex.org/W2497039038","https://openalex.org/W2513241981","https://openalex.org/W2531915888","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2758850938","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963681621","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6636494156","https://openalex.org/W6683411478","https://openalex.org/W6692286491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2586575957","https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433","https://openalex.org/W4311431118","https://openalex.org/W4382240674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,24,65,232],"paper":[1,233],"presents":[2],"an":[3,13,164,184],"emerging":[4],"issue":[5],"of":[6,88,103,124,136,142,180],"fine-grained":[7,25,50,74,86,144,188],"pedestrian":[8,20,26,55,77,90,189],"action":[9,51,78,190],"recognition":[10,52,166,191],"that":[11,48],"induces":[12,53],"advanced":[14,61],"pre-crush":[15],"safety":[16],"to":[17,40,71,83,99,121,130,162,182,205],"estimate":[18],"a":[19,54,59,73,89,97,108,151,170,193],"intention":[21,56],"in":[22,92,107,133,187,203],"advance.":[23],"actions":[27,145],"include":[28],"visually":[29],"slight":[30],"differences":[31],"(e.g.,":[32],"walking":[33],"straight":[34],"and":[35,75,149,218,223,237],"crossing),":[36],"which":[37],"are":[38],"difficult":[39],"distinguish":[41],"from":[42,239],"each":[43],"other.":[44],"It":[45],"is":[46,111,128,146],"believed":[47],"the":[49,85,93,116,122,125,137,140,207,226],"estimation":[57],"for":[58],"helpful":[60],"driver-assistance":[62],"systems":[63],"(ADAS).":[64],"following":[66],"difficulties":[67],"have":[68,175,200],"been":[69,201],"studied":[70],"achieve":[72],"accurate":[76],"recognition:":[79],"(i)":[80],"In":[81],"order":[82,204],"analyze":[84],"motion":[87,104,135],"appearance":[91],"vehicle-mounted":[94],"drive":[95],"recorder,":[96],"method":[98],"describe":[100],"subtle":[101,134],"change":[102],"characteristics":[105],"occurring":[106],"short":[109],"time":[110],"necessary;":[112],"(ii)":[113],"even":[114],"when":[115],"background":[117],"moves":[118],"greatly":[119],"due":[120],"driving":[123,228],"vehicle,":[126],"it":[127],"necessary":[129],"detect":[131],"changes":[132],"pedestrian;":[138],"(iii)":[139],"collection":[141],"large-scale":[143,194],"very":[147],"difficult,":[148],"therefore":[150],"relatively":[152],"small":[153],"database":[154,221,230],"should":[155],"be":[156],"focused.":[157],"We":[158],"find":[159],"out":[160],"how":[161],"learn":[163],"effective":[165,185],"model":[167],"with":[168],"only":[169],"small-scale":[171],"database.":[172,195],"Here,":[173],"we":[174],"thoroughly":[176],"evaluated":[177],"several":[178],"types":[179],"configurations":[181],"explore":[183],"approach":[186],"without":[192],"Moreover,":[196],"two":[197],"different":[198],"datasets":[199],"collected":[202],"raise":[206],"issue.":[208],"Finally,":[209],"our":[210],"proposal":[211],"attained":[212],"91.01%":[213],"on":[214,225],"National":[215],"Traffic":[216],"Science":[217],"Environment":[219],"Laboratory":[220],"(NTSEL)":[222],"53.23%":[224],"near-miss":[227],"recorder":[229],"(NDRDB).":[231],"has":[234],"improved":[235],"+8.28%":[236],"+6.53%":[238],"baseline":[240],"two-stream":[241],"fusion":[242],"convnets.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}