{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790501636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020597","title":"An Efficient Framework Model for Optimizing Routing Performance in VANETs","display_name":"An Efficient Framework Model for Optimizing Routing Performance in VANETs","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790501636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020597","mag":"2790501636","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29462884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18020597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/597/pdf?version=1519288923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/597/pdf?version=1519288923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052617052","display_name":"Nori M. Al-Kharasani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-1816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nori M. Al-Kharasani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056464097","display_name":"Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-6956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zuriati Ahmad Zulkarnain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103151508","display_name":"Shamala Subramaniam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9606-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamala Subramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015475120","display_name":"Zurina Mohd Hanapi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zurina Mohd Hanapi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052617052","https://openalex.org/A5056464097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.0131,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91717151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"597","last_page":"597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6976441144943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6973561644554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5802665948867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4939926266670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4829389452934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4569559097290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.45115363597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.43752142786979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.4270055890083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.42503461241722107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6976441144943237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6973561644554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5802665948867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4939926266670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4829389452934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4569559097290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.45115363597869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.43752142786979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.4270055890083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.42503461241722107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18020597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/597/pdf?version=1519288923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29462884","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29462884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:892cdd79b1734faf8803d8c13873255d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/892cdd79b1734faf8803d8c13873255d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 2, p 597 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/2/597/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18020597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 2; Pages: 597","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5855465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5855465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18020597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020597","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/2/597/pdf?version=1519288923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322714","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2790501636.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2790501636.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1126953487","https://openalex.org/W1549535141","https://openalex.org/W1563329443","https://openalex.org/W1607392601","https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W1745205774","https://openalex.org/W1869778509","https://openalex.org/W1899543707","https://openalex.org/W1977918937","https://openalex.org/W1978750145","https://openalex.org/W1992160930","https://openalex.org/W1997833205","https://openalex.org/W2007073890","https://openalex.org/W2010707297","https://openalex.org/W2023026528","https://openalex.org/W2045099094","https://openalex.org/W2075172180","https://openalex.org/W2076600444","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2110458016","https://openalex.org/W2123463338","https://openalex.org/W2127911179","https://openalex.org/W2128454228","https://openalex.org/W2134900464","https://openalex.org/W2146346179","https://openalex.org/W2163006843","https://openalex.org/W2187983716","https://openalex.org/W2232842012","https://openalex.org/W2294211401","https://openalex.org/W2303202149","https://openalex.org/W2325701807","https://openalex.org/W2345600446","https://openalex.org/W2402846924","https://openalex.org/W2483613436","https://openalex.org/W2499932219","https://openalex.org/W2521560844","https://openalex.org/W2556055680","https://openalex.org/W2565717245","https://openalex.org/W2565829662","https://openalex.org/W2567368131","https://openalex.org/W2754799071","https://openalex.org/W2772589475","https://openalex.org/W2774094555","https://openalex.org/W6639086533","https://openalex.org/W6676058556","https://openalex.org/W6676806076","https://openalex.org/W6689448014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997091564","https://openalex.org/W2102655743","https://openalex.org/W2607223747","https://openalex.org/W2740434786","https://openalex.org/W2082566976","https://openalex.org/W2554647918","https://openalex.org/W2138640781","https://openalex.org/W2105937634","https://openalex.org/W2081964190","https://openalex.org/W1579700447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Routing":[0,200],"in":[1,44,47,90,123,160,191],"Vehicular":[2],"Ad":[3],"hoc":[4],"Networks":[5],"(VANET)":[6],"is":[7,25,55,97],"a":[8,28,77,149,161],"bit":[9],"complicated":[10],"because":[11],"of":[12,15,22,30,52,62,85,102,112,132,157,193],"the":[13,16,60,63,68,83,100,103,109,113,118,127,144,154,158,170,176,181,194],"nature":[14],"high":[17],"dynamic":[18],"mobility.":[19],"The":[20,184],"efficiency":[21],"routing":[23,64,87],"protocol":[24,65],"influenced":[26],"by":[27],"number":[29],"factors":[31,159],"such":[32],"as":[33,148],"network":[34,48,70,104,114,124,136],"density,":[35],"bandwidth":[36],"constraints,":[37],"traffic":[38],"load,":[39],"and":[40,66,115,126,164,173,206],"mobility":[41],"patterns":[42],"resulting":[43],"frequency":[45],"changes":[46,122],"topology.":[49],"Therefore,":[50],"Quality":[51],"Service":[53],"(QoS)":[54],"strongly":[56],"needed":[57],"to":[58,81,106,116,139,152,168,174],"enhance":[59],"capability":[61],"improve":[67],"overall":[69],"performance.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"introduce":[76],"statistical":[78],"framework":[79,95],"model":[80],"address":[82],"problem":[84],"optimizing":[86],"configuration":[88,178],"parameters":[89],"Vehicle-to-Vehicle":[91],"(V2V)":[92],"communication.":[93],"Our":[94],"solution":[96],"based":[98,179],"on":[99,180],"utilization":[101],"resources":[105],"further":[107],"reflect":[108],"current":[110],"state":[111],"balance":[117],"trade-off":[119],"between":[120],"frequent":[121],"topology":[125],"QoS":[128],"requirements.":[129],"It":[130],"consists":[131],"three":[133],"stages:":[134],"simulation":[135,185],"stage":[137,146,166],"used":[138,147,167],"execute":[140],"different":[141],"urban":[142],"scenarios,":[143],"function":[145],"competitive":[150,182],"approach":[151],"aggregate":[153],"weighted":[155],"cost":[156,172],"single":[162],"value,":[163],"optimization":[165],"evaluate":[169],"communication":[171],"obtain":[175],"optimal":[177],"cost.":[183],"results":[186],"show":[187],"significant":[188],"performance":[189],"improvement":[190],"terms":[192],"Packet":[195,203],"Delivery":[196],"Ratio":[197],"(PDR),":[198],"Normalized":[199],"Load":[201],"(NRL),":[202],"loss":[204],"(PL),":[205],"End-to-End":[207],"Delay":[208],"(E2ED).":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
