{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2776479378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010042","title":"Acousto-Optic Q-Switched Fiber Laser-Based Intra-Cavity Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Trace Gas Detection","display_name":"Acousto-Optic Q-Switched Fiber Laser-Based Intra-Cavity Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Trace Gas Detection","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2776479378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010042","mag":"2776479378","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29295599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18010042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/42/pdf?version=1514204089","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/42/pdf?version=1514204089","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077879560","display_name":"Qinduan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-8093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinduan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-8093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089247780","display_name":"Jun Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1318-2352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-7500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-7500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101547477","display_name":"Zongliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0279-9058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics Science and Information Technology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics Science and Information Technology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041212207","display_name":"Fupeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6820-9818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fupeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101839428","display_name":"Zengguang Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-6661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zengguang Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089247780"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.3746,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88314077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.6641268730163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6556293368339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.60310959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5995290875434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoacoustic-spectroscopy","display_name":"Photoacoustic spectroscopy","score":0.5609644651412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.4906293451786041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.48471665382385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-laser","display_name":"Fiber laser","score":0.47510990500450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4574025273323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.42836999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.4222910404205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","score":0.4203823208808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3395957350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07804837822914124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.6641268730163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6556293368339539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.60310959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5995290875434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900415","display_name":"Photoacoustic spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.5609644651412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.4906293451786041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.48471665382385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17163034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390528","display_name":"Fiber laser","level":3,"score":0.47510990500450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4574025273323059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.42836999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4222910404205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.4203823208808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3395957350730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07804837822914124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18010042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/42/pdf?version=1514204089","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29295599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29295599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6fbcdee1d488422aa04600f962212df3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6fbcdee1d488422aa04600f962212df3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 1, p 42 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4717901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5795532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/1/42/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18010042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 18; Issue 1; Pages: 42","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18010042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18010042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/1/42/pdf?version=1514204089","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2927560679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61405105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4432050790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014YQ011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","funder_display_name":"Shandong University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5701710554","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014HW016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","funder_display_name":"Shandong University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5750252282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2014FQ015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7611013831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61475085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311026","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2776479378.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2776479378.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984823857","https://openalex.org/W1987009243","https://openalex.org/W1989851998","https://openalex.org/W1993061126","https://openalex.org/W2001653783","https://openalex.org/W2008304805","https://openalex.org/W2011589810","https://openalex.org/W2014346302","https://openalex.org/W2017235423","https://openalex.org/W2023532946","https://openalex.org/W2025175715","https://openalex.org/W2029439850","https://openalex.org/W2036226694","https://openalex.org/W2046926923","https://openalex.org/W2053847160","https://openalex.org/W2055865208","https://openalex.org/W2334357223","https://openalex.org/W2560494445","https://openalex.org/W2574568020","https://openalex.org/W2594677466","https://openalex.org/W2595516926","https://openalex.org/W2619759398","https://openalex.org/W4205182410","https://openalex.org/W4235404250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216900447","https://openalex.org/W2377366345","https://openalex.org/W2994331714","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W2793862890","https://openalex.org/W2005876584","https://openalex.org/W2394125011","https://openalex.org/W2132365161","https://openalex.org/W2354532673","https://openalex.org/W1571947117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,65],"proposed":[1],"a":[2,19,43,67,73,92,99,116],"new":[3],"method":[4],"for":[5],"gas":[6],"detection":[7,110],"in":[8,50,98],"photoacoustic":[9],"spectroscopy":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12],"acousto-optic":[13,40,55],"Q-switched":[14],"fiber":[15,31,69],"laser":[16,32,87],"by":[17,38,123],"merging":[18],"transmission":[20],"PAS":[21],"cell":[22],"(resonant":[23],"frequency":[24],"f0":[25],"=":[26,96],"5.3":[27],"kHz)":[28],"inside":[29],"the":[30,51,54,86,108],"cavity.":[33],"The":[34,89],"Q-switching":[35],"was":[36,121],"achieved":[37,91],"an":[39,59],"modulator,":[41],"achieving":[42],"peak":[44,81],"pulse":[45],"power":[46],"of":[47,53,63,76,82,115],"~679":[48],"mW":[49],"case":[52],"modulation":[56,119],"signal":[57],"with":[58,72],"optimized":[60],"duty":[61],"ratio":[62],"10%.":[64],"used":[66],"custom-made":[68],"Bragg":[70],"grating":[71],"central":[74],"wavelength":[75],"1530.37":[77],"nm":[78],"(the":[79],"absorption":[80],"C2H2)":[83],"to":[84,104,113],"select":[85],"wavelength.":[88],"system":[90,120],"linear":[93],"response":[94],"(R2":[95],"0.9941)":[97],"concentration":[100],"range":[101],"from":[102],"400":[103],"7000":[105],"ppmv,":[106],"and":[107],"minimum":[109],"limit":[111],"compared":[112],"that":[114],"conventional":[117],"intensity":[118],"enhanced":[122],"94.2":[124],"times.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
