{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770020404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112631","title":"A New Low Complexity Angle of Arrival Algorithm for 1D and 2D Direction Estimation in MIMO Smart Antenna Systems","display_name":"A New Low Complexity Angle of Arrival Algorithm for 1D and 2D Direction Estimation in MIMO Smart Antenna Systems","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770020404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112631","mag":"2770020404","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2631/pdf?version=1510749599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2631/pdf?version=1510749599","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060936667","display_name":"Mohammed Al-Sadoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-8251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768058","display_name":"Basrah University College of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/022patd17","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768058"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Al-Sadoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication and Informatics Engineering, Basra University College of Science and Technology, Basra 61004, Iraq","School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication and Informatics Engineering, Basra University College of Science and Technology, Basra 61004, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768058"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033853183","display_name":"Nazar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-9451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE","School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-9451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083796523","display_name":"Y. A. S. Dama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-432X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17533244","display_name":"An-Najah National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0046mja08","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17533244"]}],"countries":["GB","PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousf Dama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Najah National University, Omar Ibn Al-Khattab St., 44859 Nablus, Palestine","School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-432X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Najah National University, Omar Ibn Al-Khattab St., 44859 Nablus, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17533244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001197249","display_name":"Abdulkareim Zuid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768058","display_name":"Basrah University College of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/022patd17","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768058"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulkareim Zuid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication and Informatics Engineering, Basra University College of Science and Technology, Basra 61004, Iraq","School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication and Informatics Engineering, Basra University College of Science and Technology, Basra 61004, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768058"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060097953","display_name":"Stephen Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8480-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084069773","display_name":"Raed A. Abd\u2010Alhameed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-9965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raed Abd-Alhameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2972-9965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052166718","display_name":"James M. Noras","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139894009","display_name":"University of Bradford","ror":"https://ror.org/00vs8d940","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Noras","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084069773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139894009"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.2411,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8963423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"2631","last_page":"2631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.7693036794662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.720599889755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6533375382423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6139460802078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5970656275749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5631700754165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.5493459701538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigendecomposition-of-a-matrix","display_name":"Eigendecomposition of a matrix","score":0.5296748876571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5209309458732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.5173786878585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.49793314933776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.48099884390830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.47487160563468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44081974029541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33789297938346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.3315444588661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17981138825416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15006262063980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.11834347248077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07832911610603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07191479206085205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.7693036794662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.720599889755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6533375382423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6139460802078247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5970656275749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5631700754165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.5493459701538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169756996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194919","display_name":"Eigendecomposition of a matrix","level":3,"score":0.5296748876571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5209309458732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.5173786878585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.49793314933776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.48099884390830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.47487160563468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44081974029541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33789297938346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.3315444588661194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17981138825416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15006262063980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.11834347248077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07832911610603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07191479206085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2631/pdf?version=1510749599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29140313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29140313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3db923e10063437dbcbc34165be79180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3db923e10063437dbcbc34165be79180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 11, p 2631 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4633588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5713173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/11/2631/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17112631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 11; Pages: 2631","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:2227278","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/2227278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2631/pdf?version=1510749599","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2001806450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-ITN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2216029211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MSCA-ITN-2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345895242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4104038149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MSCA-ITN-2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4621529451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6681905222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7984235579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-ITN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7990882814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"722424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8462407591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 SECRET-722424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8512683158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020-MSCA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326118","display_name":"Higher Committee for Education Development in Iraq","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2770020404.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2770020404.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491123009","https://openalex.org/W1774526428","https://openalex.org/W1974513581","https://openalex.org/W1980874175","https://openalex.org/W2019833178","https://openalex.org/W2021497665","https://openalex.org/W2028823365","https://openalex.org/W2048946621","https://openalex.org/W2052732795","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2071284784","https://openalex.org/W2080115549","https://openalex.org/W2096650463","https://openalex.org/W2103519107","https://openalex.org/W2105529248","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2118535806","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2128439740","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2136172079","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2142617702","https://openalex.org/W2145447436","https://openalex.org/W2156377127","https://openalex.org/W2160642356","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2169326247","https://openalex.org/W2171787095","https://openalex.org/W2228268802","https://openalex.org/W2289864185","https://openalex.org/W2397865640","https://openalex.org/W2483104584","https://openalex.org/W2513373031","https://openalex.org/W2514647062","https://openalex.org/W2586145826","https://openalex.org/W2602639089","https://openalex.org/W2612049492","https://openalex.org/W2625508845","https://openalex.org/W3098083265","https://openalex.org/W3101327749","https://openalex.org/W3102166889","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W4250955649"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088002925","https://openalex.org/W2186175907","https://openalex.org/W3145715554","https://openalex.org/W804926679","https://openalex.org/W4205136858","https://openalex.org/W2156321216","https://openalex.org/W2360754927","https://openalex.org/W2947767458","https://openalex.org/W2142834316","https://openalex.org/W4313495808"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,103],"new":[4,23,114],"low":[5],"complexity":[6,40,123],"angle":[7],"of":[8,28,64,106,121,130,136],"arrival":[9],"(AOA)":[10],"method":[11,24,67,90,115],"for":[12],"signal":[13],"direction":[14],"estimation":[15],"in":[16,119],"multi-element":[17],"smart":[18],"wireless":[19],"communication":[20],"systems.":[21],"The":[22,89,108],"estimates":[25],"the":[26,29,34,48,52,65,113,128],"AOAs":[27],"received":[30,35],"signals":[31,36,132],"directly":[32],"from":[33],"with":[37,94],"significantly":[38],"reduced":[39,122],"since":[41],"it":[42],"does":[43],"not":[44],"need":[45],"to":[46],"construct":[47],"correlation":[49],"matrix,":[50],"invert":[51],"matrix":[53],"or":[54],"apply":[55],"eigen-decomposition,":[56],"which":[57],"are":[58,83],"computationally":[59],"expensive.":[60],"A":[61],"mathematical":[62],"model":[63],"proposed":[66],"is":[68,91],"illustrated":[69],"and":[70,79,97,124,133],"then":[71],"verified":[72],"using":[73,85],"extensive":[74],"computer":[75],"simulations.":[76],"Both":[77],"linear":[78],"circular":[80],"sensors":[81],"arrays":[82],"studied":[84],"various":[86],"numerical":[87],"examples.":[88],"systematically":[92],"compared":[93],"other":[95],"common":[96],"recently":[98],"introduced":[99],"AOA":[100],"methods":[101],"over":[102],"wide":[104],"range":[105],"scenarios.":[107],"simulated":[109],"results":[110],"show":[111],"that":[112],"has":[116],"several":[117],"advantages":[118],"terms":[120],"improved":[125],"accuracy":[126],"under":[127],"assumptions":[129],"correlated":[131],"limited":[134],"numbers":[135],"snapshots.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}