{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2753816389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112603","title":"Linear vs. Nonlinear Extreme Learning Machine for Spectral-Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Images","display_name":"Linear vs. Nonlinear Extreme Learning Machine for Spectral-Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Images","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2753816389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112603","mag":"2753816389","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29137159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2603/pdf?version=1510559070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2603/pdf?version=1510559070","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000281859","display_name":"Faxian Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-6092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faxian Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-6092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064465418","display_name":"Zhijing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-5109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhijing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-5109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084316677","display_name":"Jinchang Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-3194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinchang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023324327","display_name":"Mengying Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6650-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengying Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022036826","display_name":"Bingo Wing\u2010Kuen Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-7224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wing-Kuen Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064465418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.6388,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94150331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"2603","last_page":"2603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.9130592346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8843574523925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.680257260799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6590529680252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6225509643554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5203156471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5083789229393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.49849414825439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4610639214515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37334510684013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3617887496948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1771213710308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.10982593894004822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.9130592346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8843574523925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.680257260799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6590529680252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6225509643554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5203156471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5083789229393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.49849414825439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4610639214515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37334510684013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3617887496948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1771213710308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.10982593894004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2603/pdf?version=1510559070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29137159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29137159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:62514","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1148604.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1709.02253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1709.02253","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.02253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4633550","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5713108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d402f9d74abd44beb711890b8cacbc43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d402f9d74abd44beb711890b8cacbc43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 11, p 2603 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/11/2603/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17112603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 11; Pages: 2603","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rgu-repository.worktribe.com:2059168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2059168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112603","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2603/pdf?version=1510559070","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1465386445","display_name":"Hilbert-Huang\u53d8\u6362\u7684\u591a\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u89e3\u8c03\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61471132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8243125972","display_name":"\u65f6\u9891\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u975e\u51f8\u548c\u7a00\u758f\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5feb\u901f\u6c42\u89e3","funder_award_id":"61372173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2753816389.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13815759","https://openalex.org/W379812437","https://openalex.org/W1507028917","https://openalex.org/W1613118713","https://openalex.org/W1939429412","https://openalex.org/W1964803612","https://openalex.org/W1972524915","https://openalex.org/W1975435738","https://openalex.org/W1979730959","https://openalex.org/W1980713635","https://openalex.org/W2001298023","https://openalex.org/W2001914975","https://openalex.org/W2012357771","https://openalex.org/W2016860790","https://openalex.org/W2019599312","https://openalex.org/W2020999234","https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2028759731","https://openalex.org/W2032393026","https://openalex.org/W2057688677","https://openalex.org/W2062964394","https://openalex.org/W2064987453","https://openalex.org/W2072187267","https://openalex.org/W2082340022","https://openalex.org/W2096553553","https://openalex.org/W2101365302","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2113464037","https://openalex.org/W2119392375","https://openalex.org/W2127199143","https://openalex.org/W2131864940","https://openalex.org/W2136251662","https://openalex.org/W2152057649","https://openalex.org/W2157595416","https://openalex.org/W2165967751","https://openalex.org/W2168880067","https://openalex.org/W2169415915","https://openalex.org/W2219715551","https://openalex.org/W2520632654","https://openalex.org/W2587096488","https://openalex.org/W2754144807","https://openalex.org/W6677065643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W2067443264","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W4313014865","https://openalex.org/W2019190440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,57,109,139],"new":[2,58],"machine":[3,9],"learning":[4,8],"approach,":[5],"the":[6,29,61,80,106,116,124,130,134,142,150,159,167,178,182],"extreme":[7],"(ELM)":[10],"has":[11],"received":[12],"much":[13,100],"attention":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,24],"its":[17],"good":[18,179],"performance.":[19],"However,":[20,93],"when":[21],"directly":[22],"applied":[23],"hyperspectral":[25],"image":[26],"(HSI)":[27],"classification,":[28],"recognition":[30],"rate":[31],"is":[32,35,44,77,103,108],"low.":[33],"This":[34],"because":[36],"ELM":[37,68,76,91,114],"does":[38],"not":[39,147],"use":[40],"spatial":[41],"information,":[42],"which":[43],"very":[45],"important":[46],"for":[47,60,115],"HSI":[48,65,135,169],"classification.":[49,162],"In":[50],"view":[51],"of":[52,64,89,97,119,153,161,181],"this,":[53],"this":[54],"paper":[55],"proposes":[56],"framework":[59],"spectral-spatial":[62,117],"classification":[63,118],"by":[66],"combining":[67],"with":[69],"loopy":[70],"belief":[71],"propagation":[72],"(LBP).":[73],"The":[74,144,163],"original":[75],"linear,":[78],"and":[79,99,136,174],"nonlinear":[81,113],"ELMs":[82],"(or":[83],"Kernel":[84],"ELMs)":[85],"are":[86],"an":[87],"improvement":[88],"linear":[90],"(LELM).":[92],"based":[94],"on":[95],"lots":[96],"experiments":[98],"analysis,":[101],"it":[102],"found":[104],"that":[105,128],"LELM":[107],"better":[110],"choice":[111],"than":[112],"HSI.":[120],"Furthermore,":[121],"we":[122],"exploit":[123],"marginal":[125],"probability":[126],"distribution":[127,140],"uses":[129],"whole":[131],"information":[132],"in":[133,166],"learns":[137],"such":[138],"using":[141],"LBP.":[143],"proposed":[145,183],"method":[146],"only":[148],"maintains":[149],"fast":[151],"speed":[152],"ELM,":[154],"but":[155],"also":[156],"greatly":[157],"improves":[158],"accuracy":[160],"experimental":[164],"results":[165],"well-known":[168],"data":[170],"sets,":[171],"Indian":[172],"Pines,":[173],"Pavia":[175],"University,":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"performance":[180],"method.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}