{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766067901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112475","title":"Road Lane Detection Robust to Shadows Based on a Fuzzy System Using a Visible Light Camera Sensor","display_name":"Road Lane Detection Robust to Shadows Based on a Fuzzy System Using a Visible Light Camera Sensor","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766067901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112475","mag":"2766067901","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29143764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112475","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2475/pdf?version=1509401956","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2475/pdf?version=1509401956","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027228319","display_name":"Toan Minh Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9874-4582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toan Minh Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009722135","display_name":"Na Rae Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6859-9855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Rae Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047416676","display_name":"Se Woon Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Se Woon Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110718920","display_name":"Ki Wan Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki Wan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083173630","display_name":"Kang Ryoung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-9510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kang Ryoung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083173630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.9275,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93843858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"11","first_page":"2475","last_page":"2475"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6594886779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6581662893295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5546056628227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4441983997821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4222847819328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4210963249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lane-departure-warning-system","display_name":"Lane departure warning system","score":0.411138117313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33611738681793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07522162795066833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6594886779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6581662893295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5546056628227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4441983997821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4222847819328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4210963249206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151043444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28253","display_name":"Lane departure warning system","level":2,"score":0.411138117313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33611738681793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07522162795066833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112475","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2475/pdf?version=1509401956","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29143764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29143764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a9dc84db481640c1b9fc11b5fac3ea5e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a9dc84db481640c1b9fc11b5fac3ea5e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 11, p 2475 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4633882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5713467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/11/2475/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17112475","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 11; Pages: 2475","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17112475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112475","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/11/2475/pdf?version=1509401956","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1738276608","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1C1B5074062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2671439142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015R1D1A1A01056761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3544126177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1C1B5074062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3959410673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4041955588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015R1D1A1A01056761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6837306824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8075570120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2015R1D1A1A01056761","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2766067901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2766067901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W212451073","https://openalex.org/W1568822052","https://openalex.org/W1968256263","https://openalex.org/W1980026261","https://openalex.org/W2010364655","https://openalex.org/W2023806251","https://openalex.org/W2024284069","https://openalex.org/W2034666560","https://openalex.org/W2040046539","https://openalex.org/W2042105889","https://openalex.org/W2042740304","https://openalex.org/W2069248067","https://openalex.org/W2081920478","https://openalex.org/W2082747607","https://openalex.org/W2083827484","https://openalex.org/W2089384866","https://openalex.org/W2091016956","https://openalex.org/W2102049273","https://openalex.org/W2104291212","https://openalex.org/W2118545852","https://openalex.org/W2128007404","https://openalex.org/W2129509694","https://openalex.org/W2130887231","https://openalex.org/W2138187652","https://openalex.org/W2143373691","https://openalex.org/W2144624153","https://openalex.org/W2155491122","https://openalex.org/W2156953558","https://openalex.org/W2160072137","https://openalex.org/W2169314457","https://openalex.org/W2205388826","https://openalex.org/W2294634632","https://openalex.org/W2465994171","https://openalex.org/W2478820856","https://openalex.org/W2513755315","https://openalex.org/W2514143496","https://openalex.org/W2536367337","https://openalex.org/W2544547399","https://openalex.org/W2545769662","https://openalex.org/W2554079827","https://openalex.org/W2579091631","https://openalex.org/W3118418113","https://openalex.org/W6608556686","https://openalex.org/W6634068941","https://openalex.org/W6675534850","https://openalex.org/W6684793000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366906938","https://openalex.org/W2349391998","https://openalex.org/W4205655149","https://openalex.org/W2000775715","https://openalex.org/W2046435967","https://openalex.org/W2795393339","https://openalex.org/W4231775656","https://openalex.org/W2074467390","https://openalex.org/W4254303342","https://openalex.org/W4390618967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"autonomous":[1,42,52],"vehicles,":[2],"particularly":[3,112],"self-driving":[4],"cars,":[5,86],"have":[6],"received":[7],"significant":[8],"attention":[9],"owing":[10],"to":[11,21,107,124],"rapid":[12],"advancements":[13],"in":[14,36],"sensor":[15],"and":[16,41,50,65,79,88,119,150],"computation":[17],"technologies.":[18],"In":[19],"addition":[20],"traffic":[22,55],"sign":[23],"recognition,":[24],"road":[25,57,70,92,130],"lane":[26,37,93,160],"detection":[27,161],"is":[28,98],"one":[29],"of":[30,48],"the":[31,46,75],"most":[32],"important":[33],"factors":[34,67],"used":[35],"departure":[38],"warning":[39],"systems":[40],"vehicles":[43],"for":[44,95,128],"maintaining":[45],"safety":[47],"semi-autonomous":[49],"fully":[51],"systems.":[53],"Unlike":[54],"signs,":[56],"lanes":[58,131],"are":[59],"easily":[60],"damaged":[61],"by":[62,115,132],"both":[63],"internal":[64],"external":[66],"such":[68,84],"as":[69,85],"quality,":[71],"occlusion":[72],"(traffic":[73],"on":[74],"road),":[76],"weather":[77],"conditions,":[78],"illumination":[80,110],"(shadows":[81],"from":[82,140],"objects":[83],"trees,":[87],"buildings).":[89],"Obtaining":[90],"clear":[91],"markings":[94],"recognition":[96],"processing":[97],"a":[99,105,133],"difficult":[100],"challenge.":[101],"Therefore,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"method":[106,157],"overcome":[108],"various":[109],"problems,":[111],"severe":[113],"shadows,":[114],"using":[116],"fuzzy":[117],"system":[118],"line":[120],"segment":[121],"detector":[122],"algorithms":[123],"obtain":[125],"better":[126],"results":[127,139],"detecting":[129],"visible":[134],"light":[135],"camera":[136],"sensor.":[137],"Experimental":[138],"three":[141],"open":[142],"databases,":[143],"Caltech":[144],"dataset,":[145,153],"Santiago":[146],"Lanes":[147],"dataset":[148],"(SLD),":[149],"Road":[151],"Marking":[152],"showed":[154],"that":[155],"our":[156],"outperformed":[158],"conventional":[159],"methods.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
