{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4235727311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102438","title":"Near-Field Three-Dimensional Planar Millimeter-Wave Holographic Imaging by Using Frequency Scaling Algorithm","display_name":"Near-Field Three-Dimensional Planar Millimeter-Wave Holographic Imaging by Using Frequency Scaling Algorithm","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4235727311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102438"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2438/pdf?version=1508924028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2438/pdf?version=1508924028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067749381","display_name":"Ye Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-1187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3503-1187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018318591","display_name":"Bin Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0289-3469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036881926","display_name":"Qi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3637-6232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3637-6232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058361059","display_name":"Jingkun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-2093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingkun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-2093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064708750","display_name":"Yuliang Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-1294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757637","display_name":"Hongqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-9552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018318591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":29.3595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99170879,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"2438","last_page":"2438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6917879581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6030212640762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.5575679540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.5490978360176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5072852969169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.49267035722732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.44658875465393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.4445120096206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.4108998775482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4069289565086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38547587394714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30924612283706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28086209297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14995527267456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11701929569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.11674857139587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08836141228675842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6917879581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6030212640762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.5575679540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.5490978360176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5072852969169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.49267035722732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.44658875465393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4445120096206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.4108998775482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4069289565086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38547587394714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30924612283706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28086209297180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14995527267456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11701929569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11674857139587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08836141228675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2438/pdf?version=1508924028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ec5ceacbb134601b8337169c87d0945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ec5ceacbb134601b8337169c87d0945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 10, p 2438 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/10/2438/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 10; Pages: 2438","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5677111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5677111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2438/pdf?version=1508924028","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2337184154","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61571011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7841774500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4235727311.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4235727311.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997765851","https://openalex.org/W2002354122","https://openalex.org/W2004949810","https://openalex.org/W2016626869","https://openalex.org/W2022493957","https://openalex.org/W2029051945","https://openalex.org/W2035945683","https://openalex.org/W2047894291","https://openalex.org/W2065579036","https://openalex.org/W2074873696","https://openalex.org/W2110305311","https://openalex.org/W2120024360","https://openalex.org/W2126421815","https://openalex.org/W2138542190","https://openalex.org/W2155684415","https://openalex.org/W2188882808","https://openalex.org/W2523099953","https://openalex.org/W4236357220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979444625","https://openalex.org/W2112805317","https://openalex.org/W2069330477","https://openalex.org/W1963758453","https://openalex.org/W2118717985","https://openalex.org/W2034461574","https://openalex.org/W2369403794","https://openalex.org/W2120697947","https://openalex.org/W1978283186","https://openalex.org/W2387132304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,58,72,89],"fast":[4,138],"three-dimensional":[5],"(3-D)":[6],"frequency":[7,60,74],"scaling":[8,61,75],"algorithm":[9,39,44,124,143],"(FSA)":[10],"with":[11,66,118,147],"large":[12],"depth":[13],"of":[14,84],"focus":[15],"is":[16,32,77,94,125],"presented":[17],"for":[18,51,98],"near-field":[19],"planar":[20],"millimeter-wave":[21],"(MMW)":[22],"holographic":[23],"imaging.":[24],"Considering":[25],"the":[26,35,46,67,81,99,105,114,119,122],"cross-range":[27,68,115],"range":[28,37,47,69,85,90,101],"coupling":[29,70],"term":[30],"which":[31],"neglected":[33],"in":[34,113,127],"conventional":[36,120],"migration":[38,49,91],"(RMA),":[40],"we":[41],"propose":[42],"an":[43],"performing":[45],"cell":[48,86,102],"correction":[50,92],"de-chirped":[52],"signals":[53],"without":[54],"interpolation":[55],"by":[56,110,132,150],"using":[57,133],"3-D":[59,73],"operation.":[62],"First,":[63],"to":[64,79,96],"deal":[65],"term,":[71],"operator":[76],"derived":[78],"eliminate":[80],"space":[82],"variation":[83],"migration.":[87,103],"Then,":[88],"factor":[93],"performed":[95],"compensate":[97],"residual":[100],"Finally,":[104],"imaging":[106],"results":[107,149],"are":[108],"obtained":[109],"matched":[111],"filtering":[112],"direction.":[116],"Compared":[117],"RMA,":[121],"proposed":[123],"comparable":[126],"accuracy":[128],"but":[129],"more":[130],"efficient":[131],"only":[134],"chirp":[135],"multiplications":[136],"and":[137,153],"Fourier":[139],"transforms":[140],"(FFTs).":[141],"The":[142],"has":[144],"been":[145],"tested":[146],"satisfying":[148],"both":[151],"simulation":[152],"experiment.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}