{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765626083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102390","title":"Monitoring Bridge Dynamic Responses Using Fiber Bragg Grating Tiltmeters","display_name":"Monitoring Bridge Dynamic Responses Using Fiber Bragg Grating Tiltmeters","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765626083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102390","mag":"2765626083","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29053572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102390","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2390/pdf?version=1508514540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2390/pdf?version=1508514540","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005156002","display_name":"Feng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-9235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389266","display_name":"Gang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-1907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88694374","display_name":"Marshall University","ror":"https://ror.org/02erqft81","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88694374"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Technology and Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Technology and Engineering, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88694374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108255464","display_name":"J. Leroy Hulsey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141472210","display_name":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7nq853","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Hulsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141472210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100389266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88694374"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.073,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95045154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"2390","last_page":"2390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tiltmeter","display_name":"Tiltmeter","score":0.9715230464935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.7371960282325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.649633526802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.613662600517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.5645685791969299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.5261920094490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/span","display_name":"Span (engineering)","score":0.4805660545825958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.46312105655670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pier","display_name":"Pier","score":0.42616862058639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-bridge","display_name":"Beam bridge","score":0.42317306995391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38758689165115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2651646137237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.18520188331604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15314018726348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.1469917595386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0655452311038971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21054061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3528565","display_name":"Tiltmeter","level":3,"score":0.9715230464935303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.7371960282325745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.649633526802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.613662600517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.5645685791969299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.5261920094490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960395","display_name":"Span (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4805660545825958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46312105655670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157892014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335297","display_name":"Pier","level":2,"score":0.42616862058639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127416549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158626","display_name":"Beam bridge","level":3,"score":0.42317306995391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38758689165115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2651646137237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.18520188331604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15314018726348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1469917595386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0655452311038971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102390","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2390/pdf?version=1508514540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29053572","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29053572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:afe1dacfed3d4878b94ec5496740001b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/afe1dacfed3d4878b94ec5496740001b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 10, p 2390 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4602444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5677427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/10/2390/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 10; Pages: 2390","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102390","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102390","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2390/pdf?version=1508514540","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315287","display_name":"Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2765626083.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2765626083.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498145317","https://openalex.org/W1973350398","https://openalex.org/W1977066927","https://openalex.org/W1986314191","https://openalex.org/W1994731677","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2015163583","https://openalex.org/W2025383907","https://openalex.org/W2030726574","https://openalex.org/W2032621575","https://openalex.org/W2037344142","https://openalex.org/W2046385531","https://openalex.org/W2066265365","https://openalex.org/W2083817567","https://openalex.org/W2094590000","https://openalex.org/W2096008559","https://openalex.org/W2104213354","https://openalex.org/W2113824684","https://openalex.org/W2125582210","https://openalex.org/W2130175225","https://openalex.org/W2131078548","https://openalex.org/W2138241432","https://openalex.org/W2156418623","https://openalex.org/W2180468865","https://openalex.org/W2272059917","https://openalex.org/W2482278914","https://openalex.org/W2596658025","https://openalex.org/W2606124563","https://openalex.org/W2738796486","https://openalex.org/W6721818486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032755278","https://openalex.org/W3132781215","https://openalex.org/W2369399610","https://openalex.org/W2378233964","https://openalex.org/W2347507031","https://openalex.org/W2351426558","https://openalex.org/W2381043359","https://openalex.org/W2361671783","https://openalex.org/W2053759474","https://openalex.org/W2391595236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"bridge":[1,36,89,105],"health":[2],"monitoring,":[3],"tiltmeters":[4,30],"have":[5,52,84],"been":[6,21,53,85],"used":[7],"for":[8,99],"measuring":[9],"rotation":[10],"and":[11,37,49,110],"curvature;":[12],"however,":[13],"their":[14],"application":[15],"in":[16,59,117],"dynamic":[17,40,44,101],"parameter":[18],"identification":[19],"has":[20],"lacking.":[22],"This":[23,93],"study":[24],"installed":[25],"fiber":[26],"Bragg":[27],"grating":[28],"(FBG)":[29],"on":[31],"the":[32,39,63,72,100,118],"bearings":[33],"of":[34,66,75,103],"a":[35,76,88,96,104],"monitored":[38],"rotational":[41],"angle.":[42],"The":[43,56,81],"features,":[45],"including":[46],"natural":[47,73],"frequencies":[48,74],"mode":[50],"shapes,":[51],"identified":[54,82],"successfully.":[55],"innovation":[57],"presented":[58],"this":[60],"paper":[61,94],"is":[62],"first-time":[64],"use":[65],"FBG":[67,107],"tiltmeter":[68],"readings":[69],"to":[70],"identify":[71],"long-span":[77],"steel":[78],"girder":[79],"bridge.":[80],"results":[83],"verified":[86],"using":[87,106],"finite":[90],"element":[91],"model.":[92],"introduces":[95],"new":[97],"method":[98],"monitoring":[102],"tiltmeters.":[108],"Limitations":[109],"future":[111],"research":[112],"directions":[113],"are":[114],"also":[115],"discussed":[116],"conclusion.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
