{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765397933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102375","title":"Disease-Related Detection with Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review","display_name":"Disease-Related Detection with Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765397933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102375","mag":"2765397933","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29039742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2375/pdf?version=1508313128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2375/pdf?version=1508313128","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101696569","display_name":"Ying Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5783-0273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059434416","display_name":"Jin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6377-1190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396436","display_name":"Junjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-050X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755828","display_name":"Xiangyang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3435-2277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CET-College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CET-College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427331","display_name":"Bin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-4740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Non-linear Circuit and Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University) Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100427331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":4.6618,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":189,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96079343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"2375","last_page":"2375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.8254398703575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.6248997449874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5018014907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemical-engineering","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","score":0.4158569276332855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.25291579961776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20283842086791992}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.8254398703575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.6248997449874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5018014907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4158569276332855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25291579961776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20283842086791992}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019719","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Equipment","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019719","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Equipment","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019719","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Equipment","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019719","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Equipment","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2375/pdf?version=1508313128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29039742","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29039742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4cf5c5efc55949b297db1b1a056b7056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4cf5c5efc55949b297db1b1a056b7056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 10, p 2375 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4602217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5676665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/10/2375/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 10; Pages: 2375","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17102375","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102375","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2375/pdf?version=1508313128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1100079935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016M602631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208665848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Xm2017101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313612","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313612","display_name":"Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2765397933.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2765397933.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":147,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W211450116","https://openalex.org/W397136504","https://openalex.org/W1520688215","https://openalex.org/W1531860025","https://openalex.org/W1552117346","https://openalex.org/W1565247711","https://openalex.org/W1672385484","https://openalex.org/W1910100052","https://openalex.org/W1963623691","https://openalex.org/W1965006987","https://openalex.org/W1965160653","https://openalex.org/W1967141373","https://openalex.org/W1967164534","https://openalex.org/W1968063242","https://openalex.org/W1969912148","https://openalex.org/W1975611233","https://openalex.org/W1975860847","https://openalex.org/W1979377436","https://openalex.org/W1980633485","https://openalex.org/W1980802031","https://openalex.org/W1981089252","https://openalex.org/W1982904490","https://openalex.org/W1983450564","https://openalex.org/W1985603087","https://openalex.org/W1989906087","https://openalex.org/W1992780560","https://openalex.org/W1993242949","https://openalex.org/W1993438133","https://openalex.org/W1993653576","https://openalex.org/W1994131571","https://openalex.org/W1995470353","https://openalex.org/W1996481131","https://openalex.org/W1997983607","https://openalex.org/W1998548906","https://openalex.org/W1999091059","https://openalex.org/W2002609238","https://openalex.org/W2003385037","https://openalex.org/W2003395192","https://openalex.org/W2004038002","https://openalex.org/W2007488570","https://openalex.org/W2009040055","https://openalex.org/W2014509607","https://openalex.org/W2023674664","https://openalex.org/W2023715808","https://openalex.org/W2024453335","https://openalex.org/W2025098720","https://openalex.org/W2025451396","https://openalex.org/W2025677922","https://openalex.org/W2027350203","https://openalex.org/W2029597927","https://openalex.org/W2035135861","https://openalex.org/W2039881426","https://openalex.org/W2040116281","https://openalex.org/W2040294415","https://openalex.org/W2040926477","https://openalex.org/W2041495489","https://openalex.org/W2042878677","https://openalex.org/W2043989119","https://openalex.org/W2045713942","https://openalex.org/W2047279073","https://openalex.org/W2048925789","https://openalex.org/W2051495735","https://openalex.org/W2053297302","https://openalex.org/W2053957661","https://openalex.org/W2054981343","https://openalex.org/W2057104805","https://openalex.org/W2057132570","https://openalex.org/W2058239128","https://openalex.org/W2059281433","https://openalex.org/W2059674294","https://openalex.org/W2060265983","https://openalex.org/W2060272389","https://openalex.org/W2060626824","https://openalex.org/W2060731880","https://openalex.org/W2060753800","https://openalex.org/W2062019298","https://openalex.org/W2062470549","https://openalex.org/W2063125904","https://openalex.org/W2063463629","https://openalex.org/W2064285109","https://openalex.org/W2065860924","https://openalex.org/W2068463492","https://openalex.org/W2070297089","https://openalex.org/W2070910198","https://openalex.org/W2073309035","https://openalex.org/W2073876347","https://openalex.org/W2074453059","https://openalex.org/W2074653241","https://openalex.org/W2074913657","https://openalex.org/W2079723941","https://openalex.org/W2080272180","https://openalex.org/W2080311836","https://openalex.org/W2081887693","https://openalex.org/W2083033065","https://openalex.org/W2085092913","https://openalex.org/W2086131605","https://openalex.org/W2088250981","https://openalex.org/W2089319770","https://openalex.org/W2089915959","https://openalex.org/W2094550842","https://openalex.org/W2097531326","https://openalex.org/W2105398927","https://openalex.org/W2105748804","https://openalex.org/W2112911107","https://openalex.org/W2117031927","https://openalex.org/W2117095714","https://openalex.org/W2118914343","https://openalex.org/W2120489136","https://openalex.org/W2121431135","https://openalex.org/W2130895395","https://openalex.org/W2132731501","https://openalex.org/W2136791370","https://openalex.org/W2139242437","https://openalex.org/W2139512652","https://openalex.org/W2144027228","https://openalex.org/W2144447916","https://openalex.org/W2144955003","https://openalex.org/W2145481047","https://openalex.org/W2150027485","https://openalex.org/W2151843142","https://openalex.org/W2155738018","https://openalex.org/W2161138409","https://openalex.org/W2161889325","https://openalex.org/W2165171274","https://openalex.org/W2167727182","https://openalex.org/W2209105269","https://openalex.org/W2266560964","https://openalex.org/W2327278548","https://openalex.org/W2375727802","https://openalex.org/W2403695479","https://openalex.org/W2413537005","https://openalex.org/W2467424267","https://openalex.org/W2471216442","https://openalex.org/W2489179305","https://openalex.org/W2501851658","https://openalex.org/W2552225705","https://openalex.org/W2589125784","https://openalex.org/W2589842139","https://openalex.org/W2595531469","https://openalex.org/W4211072042","https://openalex.org/W4232362978","https://openalex.org/W4235366654","https://openalex.org/W4292542249","https://openalex.org/W6613682914","https://openalex.org/W6642184159","https://openalex.org/W6661397226","https://openalex.org/W6662732625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2046430340","https://openalex.org/W2383021773","https://openalex.org/W2322026400","https://openalex.org/W4206515393","https://openalex.org/W1990396141","https://openalex.org/W1929958295","https://openalex.org/W3158347758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"diagnosis":[1],"of":[2,45,54,84,96,116],"diseases":[3,47,107],"at":[4],"their":[5,55],"initial":[6],"stage":[7],"is":[8],"critical":[9],"for":[10,43,93,105,120],"effective":[11],"clinical":[12],"outcomes":[13],"and":[14,28,41,62,87,90,114],"promotes":[15],"general":[16],"public":[17],"health.":[18],"Classical":[19],"in":[20,70,100],"vitro":[21],"diagnostics":[22],"require":[23],"centralized":[24],"laboratories,":[25],"tedious":[26],"work":[27],"large,":[29],"expensive":[30],"devices.":[31],"In":[32],"recent":[33],"years,":[34],"numerous":[35],"electrochemical":[36,74,85,118],"biosensors":[37,97,119],"have":[38,108],"been":[39,78,109],"developed":[40],"proposed":[42],"detection":[44,72],"various":[46],"based":[48],"on":[49,80],"specific":[50],"biomarkers":[51],"taking":[52],"advantage":[53],"features,":[56],"including":[57],"sensitivity,":[58],"selectivity,":[59],"low":[60],"cost":[61],"rapid":[63],"response.":[64],"This":[65],"article":[66],"reviews":[67],"research":[68],"trends":[69],"disease-related":[71,121],"with":[73],"biosensors.":[75],"Focus":[76],"has":[77],"placed":[79],"the":[81,88,94,112],"immobilization":[82],"mechanism":[83],"biosensors,":[86],"techniques":[89],"materials":[91],"used":[92,104],"fabrication":[95],"are":[98,123],"introduced":[99],"details.":[101],"Various":[102],"biomolecules":[103],"different":[106],"listed.":[110],"Besides,":[111],"advances":[113],"challenges":[115],"using":[117],"applications":[122],"discussed.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}