{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2749694372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17091932","title":"Real-Time Motion Tracking for Indoor Moving Sphere Objects with a LiDAR Sensor","display_name":"Real-Time Motion Tracking for Indoor Moving Sphere Objects with a LiDAR Sensor","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2749694372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17091932","mag":"2749694372","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28832520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17091932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17091932","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/9/1932/pdf?version=1503495114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/9/1932/pdf?version=1503495114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084868970","display_name":"Lvwen Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lvwen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China","Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang 712100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture, Xianyang 712100, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429243","display_name":"Siyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-6210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374721","display_name":"Jianfeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-847X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026993734","display_name":"Bang Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101959651","display_name":"Mingqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-4143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084868970","https://openalex.org/A5100374721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6929,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82798432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"1932","last_page":"1932"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.8368905782699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.829975426197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.64308762550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.4926148056983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.460053414106369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.45412981510162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.44311511516571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.43795400857925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4149097502231598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1625996232032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.1415305733680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.1096416711807251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.8368905782699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.829975426197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.64308762550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.4926148056983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.460053414106369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.45412981510162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.44311511516571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.43795400857925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4149097502231598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1625996232032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.1415305733680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.1096416711807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17091932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17091932","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/9/1932/pdf?version=1503495114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28832520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28832520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a09dd5fe1ec4778981b108e41037fb0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a09dd5fe1ec4778981b108e41037fb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 9, p 1932 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/9/1932/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17091932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 9; Pages: 1932","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5621164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5621164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17091932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17091932","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/9/1932/pdf?version=1503495114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1967922933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2749694372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2749694372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539395368","https://openalex.org/W1768603523","https://openalex.org/W1966034864","https://openalex.org/W2051610568","https://openalex.org/W2072723786","https://openalex.org/W2095869861","https://openalex.org/W2200255212","https://openalex.org/W2238083803","https://openalex.org/W2260634390","https://openalex.org/W2315598412","https://openalex.org/W2332287460","https://openalex.org/W2332470833","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2398348325","https://openalex.org/W2417447115","https://openalex.org/W2419018469","https://openalex.org/W2426702661","https://openalex.org/W2507284507","https://openalex.org/W2510958556","https://openalex.org/W2511000564","https://openalex.org/W2514316310","https://openalex.org/W2534557589","https://openalex.org/W2543063933","https://openalex.org/W2554777878","https://openalex.org/W2562105614","https://openalex.org/W2562468796","https://openalex.org/W2588863220","https://openalex.org/W2952632681","https://openalex.org/W4388480108","https://openalex.org/W6684321233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W1994458110","https://openalex.org/W2100525497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Object":[0],"tracking":[1],"is":[2,46],"a":[3,74,94],"crucial":[4],"research":[5,150],"subfield":[6],"in":[7,15,89,154],"computer":[8],"vision":[9],"and":[10,18,21,42,48,71,81,122,127,141,146,161,165,167],"it":[11],"has":[12,106,116],"wide":[13],"applications":[14,20],"navigation,":[16],"robotics":[17],"military":[19],"so":[22],"on.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"the":[27,37,50,78,91,103,107,117,135,155],"real-time":[28,90],"visualization":[29],"of":[30,52,93,109,119,132,137,158],"3D":[31,39],"point":[32],"clouds":[33],"data":[34],"based":[35],"on":[36,49,129],"VLP-16":[38],"Light":[40],"Detection":[41],"Ranging":[43],"(LiDAR)":[44],"sensor":[45],"achieved,":[47],"basis":[51],"preprocessing,":[53],"fast":[54],"ground":[55],"segmentation,":[56],"Euclidean":[57],"clustering":[58],"segmentation":[59],"for":[60],"outliers,":[61],"View":[62],"Feature":[63],"Histogram":[64],"(VFH)":[65],"feature":[66],"extraction,":[67],"establishing":[68],"object":[69],"models":[70],"searching":[72],"matching":[73],"moving":[75,95,144],"spherical":[76,96],"target,":[77],"Kalman":[79,104],"filter":[80,84,105,115],"adaptive":[82,113],"particle":[83,114],"are":[85],"used":[86],"to":[87],"estimate":[88],"position":[92],"target.":[97],"The":[98,149],"experimental":[99],"results":[100],"show":[101],"that":[102],"advantages":[108,118],"high":[110,120,123],"efficiency":[111],"while":[112],"robustness":[121],"precision":[124],"when":[125],"tested":[126],"validated":[128],"three":[130],"kinds":[131],"scenes":[133],"under":[134],"condition":[136],"target":[138],"partial":[139],"occlusion":[140],"interference,":[142],"different":[143,147],"speed":[145],"trajectories.":[148],"can":[151],"be":[152],"applied":[153],"natural":[156],"environment":[157],"fruit":[159],"identification":[160],"tracking,":[162],"robot":[163],"navigation":[164],"control":[166],"other":[168],"fields.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
