{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2742300594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17081840","title":"Real-Time External Respiratory Motion Measuring Technique Using an RGB-D Camera and Principal Component Analysis","display_name":"Real-Time External Respiratory Motion Measuring Technique Using an RGB-D Camera and Principal Component Analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2742300594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17081840","mag":"2742300594","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28792468"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17081840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17081840","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/8/1840/pdf?version=1502366828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/8/1840/pdf?version=1502366828","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067071093","display_name":"Udaya Wijenayake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3267-3854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Udaya Wijenayake","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043124347","display_name":"Soon-Yong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-9667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soon-Yong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043124347"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.8576,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96744959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"8","first_page":"1840","last_page":"1840"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7282670736312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6764547824859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6616159081459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6500167846679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/match-moving","display_name":"Match moving","score":0.5187735557556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.49736908078193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.48431554436683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoroscopy","display_name":"Fluoroscopy","score":0.44987383484840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-monitoring","display_name":"Respiratory monitoring","score":0.4404970109462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.43258509039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.3649623394012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18330463767051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system","display_name":"Respiratory system","score":0.1611303687095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.1352618932723999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7282670736312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6764547824859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6616159081459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6500167846679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95020103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813492","display_name":"Match moving","level":3,"score":0.5187735557556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.49736908078193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.48431554436683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776805002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614984","display_name":"Fluoroscopy","level":2,"score":0.44987383484840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779358675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Respiratory monitoring","level":3,"score":0.4404970109462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.43258509039878845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3649623394012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18330463767051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.1611303687095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.1352618932723999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17081840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17081840","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/8/1840/pdf?version=1502366828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28792468","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28792468","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6d0b4ac1b2f46bb99bf98ae221bf396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6d0b4ac1b2f46bb99bf98ae221bf396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 8, p 1840 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/8/1840/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17081840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 8; Pages: 1840","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5579577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5579577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17081840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17081840","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/8/1840/pdf?version=1502366828","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2742300594.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2742300594.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122317883","https://openalex.org/W1502189796","https://openalex.org/W1531200232","https://openalex.org/W1679114131","https://openalex.org/W1947582079","https://openalex.org/W1960861427","https://openalex.org/W1963882488","https://openalex.org/W1964824366","https://openalex.org/W1968848224","https://openalex.org/W1969096838","https://openalex.org/W1972981182","https://openalex.org/W1976120844","https://openalex.org/W1981712893","https://openalex.org/W1982072654","https://openalex.org/W1986019734","https://openalex.org/W1992702457","https://openalex.org/W1993062190","https://openalex.org/W1993690060","https://openalex.org/W1998474348","https://openalex.org/W1999609497","https://openalex.org/W2001857426","https://openalex.org/W2002188523","https://openalex.org/W2007691806","https://openalex.org/W2008633691","https://openalex.org/W2012513158","https://openalex.org/W2012621792","https://openalex.org/W2012920561","https://openalex.org/W2013739100","https://openalex.org/W2015863638","https://openalex.org/W2018819159","https://openalex.org/W2023670264","https://openalex.org/W2027976959","https://openalex.org/W2032594505","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2041332468","https://openalex.org/W2061096909","https://openalex.org/W2061446437","https://openalex.org/W2069361811","https://openalex.org/W2071275391","https://openalex.org/W2073708032","https://openalex.org/W2079382073","https://openalex.org/W2085096920","https://openalex.org/W2087435876","https://openalex.org/W2096743408","https://openalex.org/W2096878308","https://openalex.org/W2097860252","https://openalex.org/W2127480863","https://openalex.org/W2133536675","https://openalex.org/W2137504719","https://openalex.org/W2141780631","https://openalex.org/W2146905754","https://openalex.org/W2167767036","https://openalex.org/W2170053603","https://openalex.org/W2236191547","https://openalex.org/W2261188533","https://openalex.org/W2274395959","https://openalex.org/W2465111177","https://openalex.org/W2505339426","https://openalex.org/W2507777073","https://openalex.org/W2538121781","https://openalex.org/W2583560550","https://openalex.org/W2587732153","https://openalex.org/W2616301159","https://openalex.org/W6675077989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015651921","https://openalex.org/W2079637538","https://openalex.org/W4377014751","https://openalex.org/W2170032467","https://openalex.org/W2154918876","https://openalex.org/W3034182891","https://openalex.org/W2130582613","https://openalex.org/W4253668313","https://openalex.org/W2164117788","https://openalex.org/W1976120844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"tracking":[1,61,102],"and":[2,6,13,35,38,128,188],"modeling":[3],"of":[4,16,41,53,62,79,108,131,212,226],"internal":[5,227],"external":[7,26,143,213],"respiratory":[8,64,73,100,117,144,214],"motion":[9,74,101,118,145,215,220],"in":[10,25,31,94],"the":[11,39,42,54,63,106,126,132,161,173,177,200,224],"thoracic":[12],"abdominal":[14],"regions":[15],"a":[17,21,77,98,115,153,181,186,194,218],"human":[18],"body":[19],"is":[20,139],"highly":[22,81],"discussed":[23],"topic":[24],"beam":[27],"radiotherapy":[28],"treatment.":[29,178],"Errors":[30],"target/normal":[32],"tissue":[33],"delineation":[34],"dose":[36],"calculation":[37],"increment":[40],"healthy":[43],"tissues":[44],"being":[45],"exposed":[46],"to":[47,59,159,171,185,216],"high":[48,148],"radiation":[49],"doses":[50],"are":[51],"some":[52],"unsolicited":[55],"problems":[56],"caused":[57],"due":[58],"inaccurate":[60],"motion.":[65],"Many":[66],"related":[67],"works":[68],"have":[69],"been":[70],"introduced":[71],"for":[72,141],"modeling,":[75],"but":[76],"majority":[78],"them":[80],"depend":[82],"on":[83],"radiography/fluoroscopy":[84],"imaging,":[85],"wearable":[86],"markers":[87],"or":[88],"surgical":[89],"node":[90],"implanting":[91],"techniques.":[92],"We,":[93],"this":[95,137,209],"article,":[96],"propose":[97],"new":[99],"approach":[103],"by":[104],"exploiting":[105],"advantages":[107],"an":[109,165],"RGB-D":[110],"camera.":[111],"First,":[112],"we":[113,151,206],"create":[114],"patient-specific":[116],"model":[119,138,221],"using":[120],"principal":[121],"component":[122],"analysis":[123],"(PCA)":[124],"removing":[125],"spatial":[127],"temporal":[129],"noise":[130],"input":[133],"depth":[134,155],"data.":[135],"Then,":[136],"utilized":[140],"real-time":[142],"measurement":[146,211],"with":[147],"accuracy.":[149],"Additionally,":[150],"introduce":[152],"marker-based":[154],"frame":[156],"registration":[157],"technique":[158],"limit":[160],"measuring":[162],"area":[163],"into":[164],"anatomically":[166],"consistent":[167],"region":[168],"that":[169,222],"helps":[170],"handle":[172],"patient":[174],"movements":[175,225],"during":[176],"We":[179],"achieved":[180],"0.97":[182],"correlation":[183],"comparing":[184],"spirometer":[187],"0.53":[189],"mm":[190],"average":[191],"error":[192],"considering":[193],"laser":[195],"line":[196],"scanning":[197],"result":[198],"as":[199],"ground":[201],"truth.":[202],"As":[203],"future":[204],"work,":[205],"will":[207],"use":[208],"accurate":[210],"generate":[217],"correlated":[219],"describes":[223],"tumors.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}