{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2737850527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071670","title":"Crack Detection in Concrete Tunnels Using a Gabor Filter Invariant to Rotation","display_name":"Crack Detection in Concrete Tunnels Using a Gabor Filter Invariant to Rotation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2737850527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071670","mag":"2737850527","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28726746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071670","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1670/pdf?version=1500728586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1670/pdf?version=1500728586","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032741172","display_name":"Roberto Medina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-2765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113522","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Prodintec","ror":"https://ror.org/01gf4rc63","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113522"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Medina","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARTIF Foundation, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boecillo, 47151 Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARTIF Foundation, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boecillo, 47151 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021805934","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Llamas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-0359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113522","display_name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Prodintec","ror":"https://ror.org/01gf4rc63","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113522"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Llamas","raw_affiliation_strings":["CARTIF Foundation, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boecillo, 47151 Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-0359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARTIF Foundation, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boecillo, 47151 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082575748","display_name":"Jaime G\u00f3mez\u2010Garc\u00eda\u2010Bermejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4763-5356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaime G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda-Bermejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITAP-DISA, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4763-5356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITAP-DISA, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026382887","display_name":"Eduardo Zalama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-5574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Zalama","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITAP-DISA, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITAP-DISA, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012277779","display_name":"Miguel Segarra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134227","display_name":"Empresarios Agrupados","ror":"https://ror.org/04838xh83","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134227"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Segarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["DRAGADOS S.A., Av. Camino de Santiago 50, 28050 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DRAGADOS S.A., Av. Camino de Santiago 50, 28050 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082575748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":8.7277,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9807051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1670","last_page":"1670"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-filter","display_name":"Gabor filter","score":0.7695062160491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.6680481433868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.6003100872039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5965564250946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5853537321090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5721455216407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-invariance","display_name":"Rotational invariance","score":0.540280818939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5095201134681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.47937634587287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4454963207244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blob-detection","display_name":"Blob detection","score":0.42952612042427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"Data acquisition","score":0.41105571389198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.34259259700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2973591685295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.290386438369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22324839234352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20538008213043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09421104192733765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779883129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447890","display_name":"Gabor filter","level":3,"score":0.7695062160491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6680481433868408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6003100872039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5965564250946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5853537321090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5721455216407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33098168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108537107","display_name":"Rotational invariance","level":2,"score":0.540280818939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5095201134681702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47937634587287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4454963207244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29168087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026711","display_name":"Blob detection","level":5,"score":0.42952612042427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.41105571389198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.34259259700775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2973591685295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.290386438369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22324839234352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20538008213043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09421104192733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071670","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1670/pdf?version=1500728586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28726746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28726746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90625d13beef42c1bc0299668cc29c24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90625d13beef42c1bc0299668cc29c24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 7, p 1670 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4394176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5539543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/7/1670/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17071670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 7; Pages: 1670","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/57830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/57830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401553","display_name":"UVaDOC UVaDOC University of Valladolid Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071670","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071670","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1670/pdf?version=1500728586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3288221211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"VA036U14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328351","funder_display_name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7572221355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DPI2014-56500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321837","display_name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328351","display_name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02s8dab97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2737850527.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2737850527.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513670756","https://openalex.org/W1595159159","https://openalex.org/W1862829300","https://openalex.org/W1914562277","https://openalex.org/W1993097837","https://openalex.org/W2005029343","https://openalex.org/W2006500012","https://openalex.org/W2019496031","https://openalex.org/W2020653176","https://openalex.org/W2031921391","https://openalex.org/W2059208457","https://openalex.org/W2079054397","https://openalex.org/W2079393777","https://openalex.org/W2080620733","https://openalex.org/W2091149439","https://openalex.org/W2096065637","https://openalex.org/W2099967398","https://openalex.org/W2101807845","https://openalex.org/W2119330411","https://openalex.org/W2137160061","https://openalex.org/W2163222181","https://openalex.org/W2166893195","https://openalex.org/W2242707865","https://openalex.org/W2511065100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012231760","https://openalex.org/W2350376800","https://openalex.org/W2801565726","https://openalex.org/W2005070313","https://openalex.org/W2062120829","https://openalex.org/W4377861994","https://openalex.org/W2131039468","https://openalex.org/W2737850527","https://openalex.org/W2147521264","https://openalex.org/W4384558113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,88],"article,":[2],"a":[3,67,94,116],"system":[4],"for":[5,34],"the":[6,41,45,54,58,77,100,108,123],"detection":[7,78,106],"of":[8,40,47,53,79,87,107,119,125],"cracks":[9,80,112],"in":[10,51,81],"concrete":[11],"tunnel":[12,59],"surfaces,":[13],"based":[14,98],"on":[15,99],"image":[16],"sensors,":[17],"is":[18,49,63,113],"presented.":[19],"Both":[20],"data":[21,35],"acquisition":[22],"and":[23,29,44,57],"processing":[24,62],"are":[25,32,90],"covered.":[26],"Linear":[27],"cameras":[28,48],"proper":[30],"lighting":[31],"used":[33],"acquisition.":[36],"The":[37,84,105],"required":[38],"resolution":[39],"camera":[42],"sensors":[43],"number":[46],"discussed":[50],"terms":[52],"crack":[55],"size":[56],"type.":[60],"Data":[61],"done":[64],"by":[65,92],"applying":[66],"new":[68],"method":[69],"called":[70],"Gabor":[71],"filter":[72,89],"invariant":[73],"to":[74,111,115],"rotation,":[75],"allowing":[76],"any":[82],"direction.":[83],"parameter":[85],"values":[86],"set":[91],"using":[93],"modified":[95],"genetic":[96],"algorithm":[97],"Differential":[101],"Evolution":[102],"optimization":[103],"method.":[104],"pixels":[109],"belonging":[110],"obtained":[114],"balanced":[117],"accuracy":[118],"95.27%,":[120],"thus":[121],"improving":[122],"results":[124],"previous":[126],"approaches.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
