{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2726800493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071569","title":"Build a Robust Learning Feature Descriptor by Using a New Image Visualization Method for Indoor Scenario Recognition","display_name":"Build a Robust Learning Feature Descriptor by Using a New Image Visualization Method for Indoor Scenario Recognition","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2726800493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071569","mag":"2726800493","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28677635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1569/pdf?version=1499244638","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1569/pdf?version=1499244638","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054785818","display_name":"Jichao Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-5525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jichao Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-5525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040308771","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-4465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102222671","display_name":"Zhongliang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongliang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054785818"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1848,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56290712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1569","last_page":"1569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.7156726717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6646087169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6368402242660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6210631728172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5489740967750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5034665465354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4093402326107025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.7156726717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6646087169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6368402242660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6210631728172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5489740967750549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5034665465354919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4093402326107025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1569/pdf?version=1499244638","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28677635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28677635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:619a649335104bf08f63fe6206db3819","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/619a649335104bf08f63fe6206db3819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 7, p 1569 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4394357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5539970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/7/1569/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17071569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 7; Pages: 1569","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071569","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1569/pdf?version=1499244638","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5593350167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB050200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7633787162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8827686527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2726800493.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2726800493.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147083204","https://openalex.org/W1503780554","https://openalex.org/W1510606557","https://openalex.org/W1550245517","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1915485278","https://openalex.org/W1976101156","https://openalex.org/W1982428585","https://openalex.org/W2016215417","https://openalex.org/W2024975451","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2040895929","https://openalex.org/W2052398640","https://openalex.org/W2066375495","https://openalex.org/W2085411191","https://openalex.org/W2099528205","https://openalex.org/W2102518911","https://openalex.org/W2102599016","https://openalex.org/W2118796925","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2131081720","https://openalex.org/W2133755669","https://openalex.org/W2134786086","https://openalex.org/W2145072179","https://openalex.org/W2162762921","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2324556090","https://openalex.org/W2472013103","https://openalex.org/W2551155624","https://openalex.org/W2610502888","https://openalex.org/W6606051357","https://openalex.org/W6683411478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W3124914020","https://openalex.org/W2141033859","https://openalex.org/W2156434174","https://openalex.org/W2071701083","https://openalex.org/W2383687187","https://openalex.org/W2081517010","https://openalex.org/W2121496884","https://openalex.org/W2387910809","https://openalex.org/W2294221496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,86,167],"order":[1,87],"to":[2,49,57,62,88,121,155,189,220],"recognize":[3],"indoor":[4],"scenarios,":[5],"we":[6,29,65,96,114],"extract":[7,122],"image":[8,128],"features":[9,70],"for":[10,101,205],"detecting":[11],"objects,":[12],"however,":[13],"computers":[14],"can":[15,71],"make":[16,58],"some":[17],"unexpected":[18],"mistakes.":[19],"After":[20],"visualizing":[21,181],"the":[22,32,35,51,63,68,90,93,103,107,110,123,127,151,156,168,173,180,184,190,201,209,221],"histogram":[23],"of":[24,37,80,92,109,126,183,211],"oriented":[25],"gradient":[26],"(HOG)":[27],"features,":[28],"find":[30],"that":[31,53,67,179],"world":[33],"through":[34],"eyes":[36],"a":[38,55,77,116,132],"computer":[39,56],"is":[40,83,138,142,153,198,215],"indeed":[41],"different":[42,165],"from":[43],"human":[44,195],"eyes,":[45,196],"which":[46,137,197],"assists":[47],"researchers":[48],"see":[50],"reasons":[52],"cause":[54],"errors.":[59],"Additionally,":[60],"according":[61],"visualization,":[64],"notice":[66],"HOG":[69,94,112,158,203,223],"obtain":[72],"rich":[73],"texture":[74],"information.":[75,130],"However,":[76],"large":[78],"amount":[79],"background":[81,104],"interference":[82],"also":[84],"introduced.":[85],"enhance":[89],"robustness":[91],"feature,":[95,113],"propose":[97],"an":[98],"improved":[99],"method":[100],"suppressing":[102],"interference.":[105],"On":[106],"basis":[108],"original":[111,202],"introduce":[115],"principal":[117,124],"component":[118],"analysis":[119],"(PCA)":[120],"components":[125],"colour":[129],"Then,":[131],"new":[133],"hybrid":[134],"feature":[135,159,186,204],"descriptor,":[136],"named":[139],"HOG-PCA":[140],"(HOGP),":[141],"made":[143],"by":[144,194],"deeply":[145],"fusing":[146],"these":[147],"two":[148],"features.":[149],"Finally,":[150],"HOGP":[152,185],"compared":[154],"state-of-the-art":[157],"descriptor":[160],"in":[161,218],"four":[162],"scenes":[163],"under":[164],"illumination.":[166],"simulation":[169],"and":[170,175],"experimental":[171],"tests,":[172],"qualitative":[174],"quantitative":[176],"assessments":[177],"indicate":[178],"images":[182],"are":[187],"close":[188],"observation":[191],"results":[192],"obtained":[193],"better":[199],"than":[200],"object":[206],"detection.":[207],"Furthermore,":[208],"runtime":[210],"our":[212],"proposed":[213],"algorithm":[214],"hardly":[216],"increased":[217],"comparison":[219],"classic":[222],"feature.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}