{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2727520578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071518","title":"Active Multimodal Sensor System for Target Recognition and Tracking","display_name":"Active Multimodal Sensor System for Target Recognition and Tracking","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2727520578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071518","mag":"2727520578","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28657609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1518/pdf?version=1498658097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1518/pdf?version=1498658097","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112588039","display_name":"Yufu Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-9797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yufu Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-9797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091711709","display_name":"Guirong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-153X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guirong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005852517","display_name":"Zhaofan Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaofan Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021031362","display_name":"Ziyue Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081090933","display_name":"Jiansen Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiansen Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation Scienc & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112588039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5412,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7527312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1518","last_page":"1518"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7466877102851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6168240308761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6109708547592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.5797580480575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5570060610771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5452925562858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.537363588809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.5360209345817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.42783835530281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4259517192840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.06611359119415283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7466877102851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6168240308761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6109708547592163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.5797580480575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5570060610771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5452925562858582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.537363588809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.5360209345817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.42783835530281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4259517192840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.06611359119415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1518/pdf?version=1498658097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28657609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28657609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4394205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5539591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/7/1518/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17071518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 7; Pages: 1518","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071518","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071518","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1518/pdf?version=1498658097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6493464824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51675033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2727520578.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2727520578.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1807914171","https://openalex.org/W1966825552","https://openalex.org/W1968762117","https://openalex.org/W1975125563","https://openalex.org/W1985535533","https://openalex.org/W1986951513","https://openalex.org/W1994623790","https://openalex.org/W2031031248","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2034276366","https://openalex.org/W2039437796","https://openalex.org/W2052094314","https://openalex.org/W2070574643","https://openalex.org/W2075446240","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2090116516","https://openalex.org/W2118215295","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2141584146","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2165037244","https://openalex.org/W2170282673","https://openalex.org/W2177274842","https://openalex.org/W2294751427","https://openalex.org/W2327294982","https://openalex.org/W2343187456","https://openalex.org/W2522785081","https://openalex.org/W2544366167","https://openalex.org/W6682729849","https://openalex.org/W6888765124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W1971984615","https://openalex.org/W2046099857","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W4315836311","https://openalex.org/W2393252924","https://openalex.org/W2787600244","https://openalex.org/W2186532442","https://openalex.org/W2354867839","https://openalex.org/W2971659033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"accuracy":[1,124],"target":[2,58,101,129],"recognition":[3,59,102,130],"and":[4,21,37,60,68,103,114,125,131],"tracking":[5,104,132],"systems":[6],"using":[7],"a":[8,12,38,64,69],"single":[9],"sensor":[10,55],"or":[11],"passive":[13],"multisensor":[14,79],"set":[15],"are":[16],"susceptible":[17],"to":[18,31,90,95,120],"external":[19],"interferences":[20],"exhibit":[22],"environmental":[23],"dependencies.":[24],"These":[25],"difficulties":[26],"stem":[27],"mainly":[28],"from":[29],"limitations":[30],"the":[32,45,96,99,123,128],"available":[33,46],"imaging":[34],"frequency":[35],"bands,":[36],"general":[39],"lack":[40],"of":[41,44,63,77,98,108,127],"coherent":[42],"diversity":[43],"target-related":[47],"data.":[48],"This":[49,106],"paper":[50],"proposes":[51],"an":[52,66],"active":[53],"multimodal":[54],"system":[56,73],"for":[57],"tracking,":[61],"consisting":[62],"visible,":[65],"infrared,":[67],"hyperspectral":[70],"sensor.":[71],"The":[72],"makes":[74],"full":[75],"use":[76],"its":[78],"information":[80],"collection":[81,112],"abilities;":[82],"furthermore,":[83],"it":[84],"can":[85],"actively":[86],"control":[87,113],"different":[88],"sensors":[89],"collect":[91],"additional":[92],"data,":[93],"according":[94],"needs":[97],"real-time":[100],"processes.":[105],"level":[107],"integration":[109],"between":[110],"hardware":[111],"data":[115],"processing":[116],"is":[117],"experimentally":[118],"shown":[119],"effectively":[121],"improve":[122],"robustness":[126],"system.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}