{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2708893128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071508","title":"Does RAIM with Correct Exclusion Produce Unbiased Positions?","display_name":"Does RAIM with Correct Exclusion Produce Unbiased Positions?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2708893128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071508","mag":"2708893128","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28672862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1508/pdf?version=1498709438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1508/pdf?version=1498709438","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059663096","display_name":"P. J. G. Teunissen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4143-6006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["AU","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Teunissen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","GNSS Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, 6845 Perth, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, 6845 Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044252376","display_name":"D. Imparato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-9565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","display_name":"Curtin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n415q13","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Imparato","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, 6845 Perth, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, 6845 Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039086149","display_name":"Christian Tiberius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-2978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Tiberius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059663096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205640436","https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":40.9957,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99416557,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1508","last_page":"1508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9495000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-autonomous-integrity-monitoring","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","score":0.8156799674034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6256029605865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5359824895858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.515170693397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.509807288646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4927661716938019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.4572240710258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","score":0.438950777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4137517213821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4110577702522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3597016930580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3507829010486603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.310467928647995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2946012616157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.25341761112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23204120993614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.20521953701972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08190470933914185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94821174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135146","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","level":4,"score":0.8156799674034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6256029605865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5359824895858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.515170693397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.509807288646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4927661716938019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4572240710258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.438950777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4137517213821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4110577702522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3597016930580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3507829010486603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.310467928647995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2946012616157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25341761112213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23204120993614197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.20521953701972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08190470933914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1508/pdf?version=1498709438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28672862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28672862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:8d117940-3f17-4f07-83ee-b2a970ceb82d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8d117940-3f17-4f07-83ee-b2a970ceb82d","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8d117940-3f17-4f07-83ee-b2a970ceb82d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 17(7)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:97a7d1308ccc41c6bb9f1c0ec64333e4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/97a7d1308ccc41c6bb9f1c0ec64333e4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 7, p 1508 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.curtin.edu.au:20.500.11937/54783","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401790","display_name":"eSpace (Curtin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205640436","host_organization_name":"Curtin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205640436"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4394201","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5539570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/7/1508/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17071508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 7; Pages: 1508","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17071508","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071508","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/7/1508/pdf?version=1498709438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2708893128.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2708893128.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558685142","https://openalex.org/W1571517662","https://openalex.org/W1631681191","https://openalex.org/W1973131250","https://openalex.org/W2007334825","https://openalex.org/W2028613386","https://openalex.org/W2060799278","https://openalex.org/W2110740148","https://openalex.org/W2162513948","https://openalex.org/W2245377208","https://openalex.org/W2339187787","https://openalex.org/W2409244668","https://openalex.org/W2560798958","https://openalex.org/W2599532688","https://openalex.org/W2610984930","https://openalex.org/W2613844257","https://openalex.org/W6604913720","https://openalex.org/W6737212832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2600104467","https://openalex.org/W2393388887","https://openalex.org/W2379758693","https://openalex.org/W2389957106","https://openalex.org/W2033030382","https://openalex.org/W2177635286","https://openalex.org/W2418459615","https://openalex.org/W2206479867","https://openalex.org/W2385302667","https://openalex.org/W2356451376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,19,22,25,31,35,51,58,63,66,83,91,96,113,120,123],"navigation":[2,26,68],"solution":[3,27,115,125],"of":[4,11,21,24,34,65,107],"exclusion-based":[5],"RAIM":[6],"follows":[7],"from":[8,82,112],"a":[9,15,104,108],"combination":[10,55],"least-squares":[12],"estimation":[13],"and":[14],"statistically":[16],"based":[17],"exclusion-process,":[18],"computation":[20],"integrity":[23],"has":[28,56],"to":[29,79],"take":[30],"propagated":[32],"uncertainty":[33],"combined":[36],"estimation-testing":[37],"procedure":[38],"into":[39],"account.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,54],"contribution,":[43],"we":[44],"analyse,":[45],"theoretically":[46],"as":[47,49],"well":[48],"empirically,":[50],"effect":[52],"that":[53,85],"on":[57],"first":[59],"statistical":[60,75],"moment,":[61],"i.e.,":[62],"mean,":[64],"computed":[67],"solution.":[69],"It":[70],"will":[71,87,116],"be":[72],"shown,":[73],"although":[74],"testing":[76],"is":[77,100],"intended":[78],"remove":[80,119],"biases":[81,86],"data,":[84],"<i>always</i>":[88],"remain":[89],"under":[90],"alternative":[92,98],"hypothesis,":[93],"even":[94],"when":[95],"correct":[97],"hypothesis":[99],"properly":[101],"identified.":[102],"The":[103],"posteriori":[105],"exclusion":[106],"biased":[109],"satellite":[110],"range":[111],"position":[114,124],"therefore":[117],"never":[118],"bias":[121],"in":[122],"completely.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}