{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2670426901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061434","title":"A Novel Extreme Learning Machine Classification Model for e-Nose Application Based on the Multiple Kernel Approach","display_name":"A Novel Extreme Learning Machine Classification Model for e-Nose Application Based on the Multiple Kernel Approach","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2670426901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061434","mag":"2670426901","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28629202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1434/pdf?version=1498117987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1434/pdf?version=1498117987","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056996045","display_name":"Yulin Jian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulin Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044177909","display_name":"Daoyu Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daoyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030424204","display_name":"Yan Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8012-5097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing 400715, China","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075563005","display_name":"Kun L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-2516"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Tech Department, China International Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Tech Department, China International Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019557372","display_name":"Ying Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-951X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102733639","display_name":"Tailai Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6721-6469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tailai Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023002407","display_name":"Tanyue Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanyue Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056470675","display_name":"Shijie Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-1931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101141934","display_name":"Qilong Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qilong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030424204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993","https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.3615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88196477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"1434","last_page":"1434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10461","display_name":"Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-learning-machine","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","score":0.8477215766906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function-kernel","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","score":0.682945966720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6627800464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5552482604980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5353617668151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.5291666984558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.5272772908210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5142456889152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial-kernel","display_name":"Polynomial kernel","score":0.5123282670974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49458572268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47198373079299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-neural-network","display_name":"Probabilistic neural network","score":0.46645134687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-function","display_name":"Gaussian function","score":0.46245646476745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4477595388889313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2558065354824066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.18370473384857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-neural-network","display_name":"Time delay neural network","score":0.0957634449005127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780150128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21948731","display_name":"Extreme learning machine","level":3,"score":0.8477215766906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75866337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280263","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","level":4,"score":0.682945966720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6627800464630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5552482604980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5353617668151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.5291666984558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5272772908210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5142456889152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160446489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7226642","display_name":"Polynomial kernel","level":4,"score":0.5123282670974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49458572268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47198373079299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134342201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246859","display_name":"Probabilistic neural network","level":4,"score":0.46645134687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7218915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054475","display_name":"Gaussian function","level":3,"score":0.46245646476745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4477595388889313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2558065354824066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.18370473384857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.0957634449005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1434/pdf?version=1498117987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28629202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28629202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f357e98b91364f7e8f704d83d0643a74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f357e98b91364f7e8f704d83d0643a74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 6, p 1434 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4343247","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5492859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/6/1434/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17061434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 6; Pages: 1434","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061434","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1434/pdf?version=1498117987","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2670426901.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2670426901.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W857730727","https://openalex.org/W1560724230","https://openalex.org/W1566399673","https://openalex.org/W1641169336","https://openalex.org/W1915165978","https://openalex.org/W1960277805","https://openalex.org/W1971842403","https://openalex.org/W1973844088","https://openalex.org/W1978641127","https://openalex.org/W1980649362","https://openalex.org/W1987659069","https://openalex.org/W1990450113","https://openalex.org/W1993717606","https://openalex.org/W1993877474","https://openalex.org/W1993922019","https://openalex.org/W1996898660","https://openalex.org/W2003618549","https://openalex.org/W2014158063","https://openalex.org/W2024869860","https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2034710737","https://openalex.org/W2036451392","https://openalex.org/W2039222602","https://openalex.org/W2039361386","https://openalex.org/W2043228294","https://openalex.org/W2043558927","https://openalex.org/W2047410068","https://openalex.org/W2047431064","https://openalex.org/W2048512636","https://openalex.org/W2052893770","https://openalex.org/W2062436124","https://openalex.org/W2080948354","https://openalex.org/W2090468038","https://openalex.org/W2090758866","https://openalex.org/W2091309948","https://openalex.org/W2091971808","https://openalex.org/W2098844365","https://openalex.org/W2109743529","https://openalex.org/W2131554118","https://openalex.org/W2132775137","https://openalex.org/W2134603844","https://openalex.org/W2141695047","https://openalex.org/W2145295623","https://openalex.org/W2152593845","https://openalex.org/W2160950035","https://openalex.org/W2163572752","https://openalex.org/W2165647897","https://openalex.org/W2166027304","https://openalex.org/W2168972502","https://openalex.org/W2199004682","https://openalex.org/W2213269395","https://openalex.org/W2258958520","https://openalex.org/W2293783465","https://openalex.org/W2319352969","https://openalex.org/W2408694649","https://openalex.org/W2505622121","https://openalex.org/W2508758062","https://openalex.org/W2587143957","https://openalex.org/W2739982063","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W6641446668","https://openalex.org/W6733356099","https://openalex.org/W6741402470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4221107122","https://openalex.org/W2353199197","https://openalex.org/W2140869420","https://openalex.org/W2382704364","https://openalex.org/W4306800962","https://openalex.org/W4311472972","https://openalex.org/W2376457295","https://openalex.org/W2533627365","https://openalex.org/W1492922977","https://openalex.org/W1661924774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"classification":[2,133],"model,":[3],"named":[4],"the":[5,38,47,71,79,89,96,125,170,174],"quantum-behaved":[6],"particle":[7],"swarm":[8],"optimization":[9],"(QPSO)-based":[10],"weighted":[11],"multiple":[12,40],"kernel":[13,41,90,98,105,122,139],"extreme":[14,42,91,135,140],"learning":[15,43,92,136,141],"machine":[16,44,93,137,142,149],"(QWMK-ELM),":[17],"is":[18,25,127],"proposed":[19,171],"in":[20,179,183],"this":[21],"paper.":[22],"Experimental":[23],"validation":[24],"carried":[26],"out":[27],"with":[28,95,130],"two":[29],"different":[30,36,120],"electronic":[31],"nose":[32],"(e-nose)":[33],"datasets.":[34],"Being":[35],"from":[37],"existing":[39,132],"(MK-ELM)":[45],"algorithms,":[46],"combination":[48,66],"coefficients":[49,67],"of":[50,58,68,74,102],"base":[51,69,76],"kernels":[52],"are":[53,82,116],"regarded":[54],"as":[55],"external":[56],"parameters":[57,73],"single-hidden":[59],"layer":[60],"feedforward":[61],"neural":[62,157,162],"networks":[63],"(SLFNs).":[64],"The":[65,165],"kernels,":[70],"model":[72],"each":[75],"kernel,":[77,108,110,112],"and":[78,113,160],"regularization":[80],"parameter":[81],"optimized":[83],"by":[84],"QPSO":[85],"simultaneously":[86],"before":[87],"implementing":[88],"(KELM)":[94],"composite":[97,121],"function.":[99],"Four":[100],"types":[101],"common":[103],"single":[104],"functions":[106],"(Gaussian":[107],"polynomial":[109],"sigmoid":[111],"wavelet":[114],"kernel)":[115],"utilized":[117],"to":[118],"constitute":[119],"functions.":[123],"Moreover,":[124],"method":[126],"also":[128,182],"compared":[129],"other":[131],"methods:":[134],"(ELM),":[138],"(KELM),":[143],"k-nearest":[144],"neighbors":[145],"(KNN),":[146],"support":[147],"vector":[148],"(SVM),":[150],"multi-layer":[151],"perceptron":[152],"(MLP),":[153],"radical":[154],"basis":[155],"function":[156],"network":[158,163],"(RBFNN),":[159],"probabilistic":[161],"(PNN).":[164],"results":[166],"have":[167],"demonstrated":[168],"that":[169],"QWMK-ELM":[172],"outperforms":[173],"aforementioned":[175],"methods,":[176],"not":[177],"only":[178],"precision,":[180],"but":[181],"efficiency":[184],"for":[185],"gas":[186],"classification.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}