{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2624676846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061396","title":"Development of a Stereovision-Based Technique to Measure the Spread Patterns of Granular Fertilizer Spreaders","display_name":"Development of a Stereovision-Based Technique to Measure the Spread Patterns of Granular Fertilizer Spreaders","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2624676846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061396","mag":"2624676846","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28617339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1396/pdf?version=1497527935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1396/pdf?version=1497527935","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027107306","display_name":"Simon Cool","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6509-3752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon Cool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium","Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060577220","display_name":"Jan Pieters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4034-9269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Pieters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060725060","display_name":"Dejan \u0160eatovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-0365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dejan Seatovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Management & Media, University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestrasse 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Management & Media, University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestrasse 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082243444","display_name":"Koen Mertens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-6898"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen Mertens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017418069","display_name":"David Nuyttens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4531-0526"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Nuyttens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041115181","display_name":"Tim Van De Gucht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-0665"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Van De Gucht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022813708","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Vangeyte","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Vangeyte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fisheries and Food Research, Institute of Agricultural, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 115, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027107306"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.16,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79030797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"1396","last_page":"1396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12161","display_name":"Plant Surface Properties and Treatments","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6231847405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer","display_name":"Fertilizer","score":0.5079341530799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.45428159832954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42191022634506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38856297731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35620978474617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33686473965644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2537943124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13351675868034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.07543045282363892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6231847405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5079341530799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.45428159832954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42191022634506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38856297731399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35620978474617004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33686473965644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2537943124771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13351675868034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.07543045282363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1396/pdf?version=1497527935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28617339","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28617339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8524667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8524667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1424-8220","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fcab249bf23e4690966cfcea02390fb4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fcab249bf23e4690966cfcea02390fb4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 6, p 1396 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4343184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5492561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/6/1396/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17061396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 6; Pages: 1396","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061396","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061396","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1396/pdf?version=1497527935","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5795462970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C1/018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322603","display_name":"Universiteit Gent","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335227","display_name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337251","display_name":"Instituut voor Landbouw-, Visserij- en Voedingsonderzoek, Vlaamse Overheid","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2624676846.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2624676846.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1899556201","https://openalex.org/W1978284874","https://openalex.org/W1987587914","https://openalex.org/W1992365902","https://openalex.org/W1998443187","https://openalex.org/W1999927557","https://openalex.org/W2011772679","https://openalex.org/W2015536110","https://openalex.org/W2040849845","https://openalex.org/W2046133688","https://openalex.org/W2047541229","https://openalex.org/W2057222426","https://openalex.org/W2064290200","https://openalex.org/W2065429801","https://openalex.org/W2065967133","https://openalex.org/W2068742510","https://openalex.org/W2069177738","https://openalex.org/W2070880920","https://openalex.org/W2082664695","https://openalex.org/W2088453862","https://openalex.org/W2094619750","https://openalex.org/W2112035628","https://openalex.org/W2116376270","https://openalex.org/W2127264163","https://openalex.org/W2147712322","https://openalex.org/W2160750727","https://openalex.org/W2190546151","https://openalex.org/W2292799856","https://openalex.org/W2302690520","https://openalex.org/W2510888545","https://openalex.org/W2537505353","https://openalex.org/W2592591705","https://openalex.org/W4250666038","https://openalex.org/W6664850738","https://openalex.org/W6696866469","https://openalex.org/W6697995896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2481168506","https://openalex.org/W2893816048","https://openalex.org/W4288084846","https://openalex.org/W3168747143","https://openalex.org/W2237675924","https://openalex.org/W2315867670","https://openalex.org/W1968795594","https://openalex.org/W4256621282","https://openalex.org/W2755432716","https://openalex.org/W1605170656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Centrifugal":[0],"fertilizer":[1,11,52,61],"spreaders":[2],"are":[3],"by":[4,43,80],"far":[5],"the":[6,31,37,47,50,56,68,86,98,114,125,136,148,164,200],"most":[7],"commonly":[8],"used":[9],"granular":[10],"spreader":[12,48,126,137,177],"type":[13],"in":[14,30,117,199],"Europe.":[15],"Their":[16],"spread":[17,88,115,155,196],"pattern":[18,116],"however":[19],"is":[20,40,64,92],"error-prone,":[21],"potentially":[22],"leading":[23],"to":[24,55,66,84,112,142,187,191],"an":[25,108],"undesired":[26],"distribution":[27],"of":[28,36,46,60,124,133,166],"particles":[29,134],"field":[32,201],"and":[33,71,95,100,120,153,169,178,202],"losses":[34],"out":[35],"field,":[38],"which":[39],"often":[41],"caused":[42],"poor":[44],"calibration":[45],"for":[49,97],"specific":[51],"used.":[53],"Due":[54],"large":[57],"environmental":[58],"impact":[59],"use,":[62],"it":[63],"important":[65],"optimize":[67],"spreading":[69],"process":[70],"minimize":[72],"these":[73],"errors.":[74],"Spreader":[75],"calibrations":[76],"can":[77],"be":[78],"performed":[79],"using":[81,159],"collection":[82],"trays":[83],"determine":[85],"(field)":[87],"pattern,":[89],"but":[90],"this":[91],"very":[93],"time-consuming":[94],"expensive":[96],"farmer":[99],"hence":[101],"not":[102],"common":[103],"practice.":[104],"Therefore,":[105],"we":[106],"developed":[107],"innovative":[109],"multi-camera":[110],"system":[111,145],"predict":[113],"a":[118,143,160,175,180],"fast":[119],"accurate":[121],"way,":[122],"independent":[123],"configuration.":[127],"Using":[128],"high-speed":[129],"stereovision,":[130],"ejection":[131],"parameters":[132],"leaving":[135],"vanes":[138],"were":[139,157,172,185],"determined":[140,158,198],"relative":[141],"coordinate":[144],"associated":[146],"with":[147,174,194],"spreader.":[149],"The":[150,183],"landing":[151],"positions":[152],"subsequent":[154],"patterns":[156,197],"ballistic":[161],"model":[162],"incorporating":[163],"effect":[165],"tractor":[167],"motion":[168],"wind.":[170],"Experiments":[171],"conducted":[173],"commercial":[176],"showed":[179,203],"high":[181],"repeatability.":[182],"results":[184],"transformed":[186],"one":[188],"spatial":[189],"dimension":[190],"enable":[192],"comparison":[193],"transverse":[195],"similar":[204],"results.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}