{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2620706188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061280","title":"A Spawn Mobile Agent Itinerary Planning Approach for Energy-Efficient Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"A Spawn Mobile Agent Itinerary Planning Approach for Energy-Efficient Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2620706188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061280","mag":"2620706188","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28587187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1280/pdf?version=1496470981","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1280/pdf?version=1496470981","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046633348","display_name":"Huthiafa Q. Qadori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-7222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huthiafa Qadori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056464097","display_name":"Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-6956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zuriati Zulkarnain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015475120","display_name":"Zurina Mohd Hanapi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zurina Hanapi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-1791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103151508","display_name":"Shamala Subramaniam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9606-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamala Subramaniam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wireless and Communication Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046633348","https://openalex.org/A5056464097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.5124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"1280","last_page":"1280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.745035707950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spawn","display_name":"Spawn (biology)","score":0.7258200645446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6585832834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-agent","display_name":"Mobile agent","score":0.5822966694831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.5788587927818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5606139898300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5107150077819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.496907502412796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44905757904052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.43519556522369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14109718799591064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.745035707950592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17458331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935672","display_name":"Spawn (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7258200645446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6585832834243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84875433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3277848","display_name":"Mobile agent","level":2,"score":0.5822966694831848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.5788587927818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5606139898300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5107150077819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.496907502412796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44905757904052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.43519556522369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14109718799591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1280/pdf?version=1496470981","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28587187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28587187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:60738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:78627d02a0e2432bac4bf5bd865ad035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/78627d02a0e2432bac4bf5bd865ad035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 6, p 1280 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4343230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5492819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/6/1280/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17061280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 6; Pages: 1280","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061280","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1280/pdf?version=1496470981","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144559680","https://openalex.org/W1643145593","https://openalex.org/W1999668761","https://openalex.org/W2035475237","https://openalex.org/W2050212562","https://openalex.org/W2101489774","https://openalex.org/W2104780561","https://openalex.org/W2123033018","https://openalex.org/W2124696064","https://openalex.org/W2131235803","https://openalex.org/W2132268129","https://openalex.org/W2132438068","https://openalex.org/W2133827964","https://openalex.org/W2137486085","https://openalex.org/W2138122413","https://openalex.org/W2148610326","https://openalex.org/W2149056569","https://openalex.org/W2165113931","https://openalex.org/W2172288663","https://openalex.org/W2263654699","https://openalex.org/W2300234177","https://openalex.org/W2517764806","https://openalex.org/W2518310004","https://openalex.org/W2538227581","https://openalex.org/W2567737797","https://openalex.org/W2620706188","https://openalex.org/W3135741196","https://openalex.org/W6636791169","https://openalex.org/W6659084978","https://openalex.org/W6679787145","https://openalex.org/W6685268626","https://openalex.org/W6791566676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2411369201","https://openalex.org/W2017893186","https://openalex.org/W2347925189","https://openalex.org/W2359334753","https://openalex.org/W1985268346","https://openalex.org/W2344195838","https://openalex.org/W2009289327","https://openalex.org/W2141624220","https://openalex.org/W2111773953","https://openalex.org/W179829755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"agent":[1,33,164,195],"(MA),":[2],"a":[3,161],"part":[4],"of":[5,49,65,71,91,143,178,226,248],"the":[6,47,58,63,68,89,92,101,111,119,126,129,141,173,184,194,199,213,224,227,239,243,257],"mobile":[7],"computing":[8],"paradigm,":[9],"was":[10,43],"recently":[11],"proposed":[12,44,170,189,228,240],"for":[13,37],"data":[14,39,59,121,185],"gathering":[15,60,186],"in":[16,137,140,153,176,183,246],"Wireless":[17],"Sensor":[18],"Networks":[19],"(WSNs).":[20],"The":[21,41,83,188,235],"MA-based":[22],"approach":[23,168,190,229],"employs":[24],"two":[25],"algorithms:":[26],"Single-agent":[27],"Itinerary":[28,34],"Planning":[29,35],"(SIP)":[30],"and":[31,74,97,122,155,180,251,255],"Multi-mobile":[32],"(MIP)":[36],"energy-efficient":[38],"gathering.":[40],"MIP":[42,85,233],"to":[45,56,95,100,109,117,125,150,171,204,222],"outperform":[46],"weakness":[48],"SIP":[50],"by":[51],"introducing":[52],"distributed":[53,72,106],"multi":[54],"MAs":[55,73,207],"perform":[57],"task.":[61],"Despite":[62],"advantages":[64],"MIP,":[66],"finding":[67],"optimal":[69],"number":[70,142],"their":[75],"itineraries":[76],"are":[77],"still":[78],"regarded":[79],"as":[80],"critical":[81],"issues.":[82],"existing":[84],"algorithms":[86,245],"assume":[87],"that":[88,198,238],"itinerary":[90,165],"MA":[93,107,201],"has":[94,108],"start":[96],"return":[98,123],"back":[99,124],"sink":[102,127],"node.":[103],"Moreover,":[104],"each":[105],"carry":[110],"processing":[112],"code":[113],"(data":[114],"aggregation":[115],"code)":[116],"collect":[118],"sensory":[120],"with":[128,208],"accumulated":[130],"data.":[131],"However,":[132],"these":[133],"assumptions":[134],"have":[135,219],"resulted":[136],"an":[138,151],"increase":[139,152,175],"MA's":[144],"migration":[145],"hops,":[146],"which":[147],"subsequently":[148],"leads":[149],"energy":[154,179,249],"time":[156,181],"consumption.":[157],"In":[158],"this":[159],"paper,":[160],"spawn":[162,205],"multi-mobile":[163],"planning":[166],"(SMIP)":[167],"is":[169,191,202],"mitigate":[172],"substantial":[174],"cost":[177],"used":[182],"processes.":[187],"based":[192],"on":[193],"spawning":[196],"such":[197],"main":[200,214],"able":[203],"other":[206],"different":[209],"tasks":[210],"assigned":[211],"from":[212],"MA.":[215],"Extensive":[216],"simulation":[217],"experiments":[218],"been":[220],"conducted":[221],"test":[223],"performance":[225],"against":[230],"some":[231],"selected":[232],"algorithms.":[234],"results":[236],"show":[237],"SMIP":[241],"outperforms":[242],"counterpart":[244],"terms":[247],"consumption":[250],"task":[252],"delay":[253],"(time),":[254],"improves":[256],"integrated":[258],"energy-delay":[259],"performance.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
