{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2620326362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061243","title":"Extraction of Rice Phenological Differences under Heavy Metal Stress Using EVI Time-Series from HJ-1A/B Data","display_name":"Extraction of Rice Phenological Differences under Heavy Metal Stress Using EVI Time-Series from HJ-1A/B Data","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2620326362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061243","mag":"2620326362","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28556819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1243/pdf?version=1496405019","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1243/pdf?version=1496405019","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101669784","display_name":"Shuyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6512-5838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084738959","display_name":"Xiangnan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0036-7091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangnan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112461821","display_name":"Meiling Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-4673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiling Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007678672","display_name":"Ling Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1712-191X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053273522","display_name":"Chao Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6772-6864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047078767","display_name":"Zhi Xiong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-195X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084738959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.008,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85890494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"6","first_page":"1243","last_page":"1243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenology","display_name":"Phenology","score":0.9267258644104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5710804462432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-vegetation-index","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","score":0.48468902707099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.4144743084907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.3899881839752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.27809327840805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.2336728870868683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.19968020915985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1763109564781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11002236604690552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.9267258644104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5710804462432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78869512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5378810","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","level":5,"score":0.48468902707099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4144743084907532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.3899881839752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.27809327840805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.2336728870868683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.19968020915985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1763109564781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11002236604690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012275","descriptor_name":"Oryza","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012275","descriptor_name":"Oryza","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012275","descriptor_name":"Oryza","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019216","descriptor_name":"Metals, Heavy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1243/pdf?version=1496405019","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28556819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28556819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d4ff833796244268a4961fff4b29bc5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d4ff833796244268a4961fff4b29bc5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 6, p 1243 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:4343122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5492372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/6/1243/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17061243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 6; Pages: 1243","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17061243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/6/1243/pdf?version=1496405019","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5705443157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41601473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6442938189","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41371407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2620326362.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2620326362.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3228572","https://openalex.org/W134174477","https://openalex.org/W321248598","https://openalex.org/W1535541538","https://openalex.org/W1981561767","https://openalex.org/W1993748934","https://openalex.org/W1998997260","https://openalex.org/W1999322810","https://openalex.org/W2001732317","https://openalex.org/W2007701819","https://openalex.org/W2017717118","https://openalex.org/W2031619975","https://openalex.org/W2031975583","https://openalex.org/W2042386716","https://openalex.org/W2048914794","https://openalex.org/W2051275149","https://openalex.org/W2054001023","https://openalex.org/W2071032946","https://openalex.org/W2072093516","https://openalex.org/W2072710223","https://openalex.org/W2074222846","https://openalex.org/W2075818603","https://openalex.org/W2110829774","https://openalex.org/W2113410727","https://openalex.org/W2113503197","https://openalex.org/W2126142391","https://openalex.org/W2126250722","https://openalex.org/W2138751033","https://openalex.org/W2139429339","https://openalex.org/W2158818983","https://openalex.org/W2160566385","https://openalex.org/W2171596141","https://openalex.org/W2171935633","https://openalex.org/W2181986170","https://openalex.org/W2249807211","https://openalex.org/W2289833742","https://openalex.org/W2294243162","https://openalex.org/W2320628436","https://openalex.org/W2329604940","https://openalex.org/W2347564415","https://openalex.org/W2370202483","https://openalex.org/W2383945831","https://openalex.org/W2384996458","https://openalex.org/W2385460906","https://openalex.org/W2466445449","https://openalex.org/W2520082337","https://openalex.org/W4385211886","https://openalex.org/W6605409051","https://openalex.org/W6610983417","https://openalex.org/W6649094138","https://openalex.org/W6661103286","https://openalex.org/W7051899716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163913089","https://openalex.org/W2523770623","https://openalex.org/W4283377485","https://openalex.org/W2063375513","https://openalex.org/W2602731491","https://openalex.org/W2910682356","https://openalex.org/W2909805311","https://openalex.org/W2983663125","https://openalex.org/W3025059092","https://openalex.org/W4289205743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"effective":[1,42],"method":[2,43,162],"to":[3,14,31,44,113],"monitor":[4],"heavy":[5,32,60,146,165],"metal":[6,33,61,147,166],"stress":[7,34,62,123,130,148],"in":[8,35,141],"crops":[9,36],"is":[10,40],"of":[11,26,104,133,145],"critical":[12],"importance":[13],"assure":[15],"agricultural":[16],"production":[17],"and":[18,37,76,97,100,110,121],"food":[19],"security.":[20],"Phenology,":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,160],"sensitive":[24],"indicator":[25],"environmental":[27],"change,":[28],"can":[29],"respond":[30],"remote":[38],"sensing":[39],"an":[41],"detect":[45],"plant":[46],"phenological":[47,56,86,107,117,139],"changes.":[48],"This":[49,157],"study":[50],"focused":[51],"on":[52],"identifying":[53],"the":[54,92,115,131,134,142,152],"rice":[55,116,138,169],"differences":[57,118,140],"under":[58,119,128,154],"varied":[59],"using":[63,88],"EVI":[64],"(enhanced":[65],"vegetation":[66],"index)":[67],"time-series,":[68],"which":[69],"was":[70],"obtained":[71],"from":[72],"HJ-1A/B":[73],"CCD":[74],"images":[75],"fitted":[77],"with":[78,106],"asymmetric":[79],"Gaussian":[80],"model":[81],"functions.":[82],"We":[83],"extracted":[84],"three":[85],"periods":[87],"first":[89],"derivative":[90],"analysis:":[91],"tillering":[93],"period,":[94,96],"heading":[95],"maturation":[98],"period;":[99],"constructed":[101],"two":[102],"kinds":[103],"metrics":[105,135],"characteristics:":[108],"date-intervals":[109],"time-integrated":[111],"EVI,":[112],"explore":[114],"mild":[120,155],"severe":[122,129],"levels.":[124],"Results":[125],"indicated":[126],"that":[127],"values":[132],"for":[136,163],"presenting":[137],"experimental":[143],"areas":[144],"were":[149],"smaller":[150],"than":[151],"ones":[153],"stress.":[156],"finding":[158],"represents":[159],"new":[161],"monitoring":[164],"contamination":[167],"through":[168],"phenology.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}