{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2602677875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030651","title":"Indoor Positioning System Using Magnetic Field Map Navigation and an Encoder System","display_name":"Indoor Positioning System Using Magnetic Field Map Navigation and an Encoder System","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2602677875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030651","mag":"2602677875","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28327513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17030651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/651/pdf?version=1490175259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/651/pdf?version=1490175259","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636138","display_name":"Hansol Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-7787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Sol Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017609542","display_name":"Woo-Jin Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6949-6030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woojin Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035906745","display_name":"Kwang\u2010Ryul Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2928-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kwang-Ryul Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035906745"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.3841,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94870719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"651","last_page":"651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5955260992050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5656746029853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.5442332625389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5344843864440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.5264566540718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.5245799422264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/navigation-system","display_name":"Navigation system","score":0.5177677869796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5166290402412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.42936161160469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4148532450199127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.33763229846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.30715322494506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1829533874988556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14996320009231567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5955260992050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5656746029853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.5442332625389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5344843864440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.5264566540718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.5245799422264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777891301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475123","display_name":"Navigation system","level":2,"score":0.5177677869796753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5166290402412415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42936161160469055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4148532450199127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.33763229846954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.30715322494506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1829533874988556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14996320009231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17030651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/651/pdf?version=1490175259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28327513","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28327513","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f03660e40c344a73af91e913e52c72c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f03660e40c344a73af91e913e52c72c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 3, p 651 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/3/651/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 3; Pages: 651","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5375937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5375937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17030651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030651","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/651/pdf?version=1490175259","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2602677875.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483307070","https://openalex.org/W1537510424","https://openalex.org/W1638159426","https://openalex.org/W1978200836","https://openalex.org/W2009415674","https://openalex.org/W2018589614","https://openalex.org/W2021773802","https://openalex.org/W2070291064","https://openalex.org/W2093319033","https://openalex.org/W2094998617","https://openalex.org/W2095681613","https://openalex.org/W2102145772","https://openalex.org/W2104455787","https://openalex.org/W2114005528","https://openalex.org/W2119732732","https://openalex.org/W2122305929","https://openalex.org/W2143737806","https://openalex.org/W2146960482","https://openalex.org/W2148694916","https://openalex.org/W2153127273","https://openalex.org/W2166221222","https://openalex.org/W2288520491","https://openalex.org/W2397644942","https://openalex.org/W6674841701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390516098","https://openalex.org/W2015530857","https://openalex.org/W2181948922","https://openalex.org/W2384362569","https://openalex.org/W2556064263","https://openalex.org/W1991846142","https://openalex.org/W1583020711","https://openalex.org/W2539990421","https://openalex.org/W1986073206","https://openalex.org/W3004220299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,24,97,118],"the":[1,6,49,55,58,69,75,90,146,153,157,172,191],"indoor":[2],"environment,":[3],"variation":[4],"of":[5,57,148,161,174],"magnetic":[7,15,34,45,50,71,76,84,110,122,126,175],"field":[8,16,35,46,51,72,77,85,111,127],"is":[9,19,53,88],"caused":[10],"by":[11],"building":[12],"structures,":[13],"and":[14,74,114,124,137,159,197],"map":[17,52,78,86,112],"navigation":[18,87,113],"based":[20],"on":[21],"this":[22,30,119,178],"feature.":[23],"order":[25,98],"to":[26,42,99,144],"estimate":[27],"position":[28,56,92,158],"using":[29],"navigation,":[31],"a":[32,44,65,104,133,138,151,162],"three-axis":[33],"must":[36],"be":[37,62],"measured":[38,70],"at":[39],"every":[40],"point":[41],"build":[43],"map.":[47],"After":[48],"obtained,":[54],"mobile":[59,163],"robot":[60,164],"can":[61,93],"estimated":[63,91],"with":[64],"likelihood":[66],"function":[67],"whereby":[68],"data":[73],"are":[79,142,188],"used.":[80],"However,":[81],"if":[82],"only":[83],"used,":[89],"have":[94],"large":[95],"errors.":[96],"improve":[100],"performance,":[101],"we":[102],"propose":[103],"particle":[105],"filter":[106],"system":[107,155,182,193],"that":[108,181,194],"integrates":[109],"an":[115],"encoder":[116],"system.":[117],"paper,":[120],"multiple":[121],"sensors":[123,176],"three":[125],"maps":[128],"(a":[129],"horizontal":[130],"intensity":[131,135],"map,":[132,136],"vertical":[134],"direction":[139],"information":[140],"map)":[141],"used":[143],"update":[145],"weights":[147],"particles.":[149],"As":[150],"result,":[152],"proposed":[154,192],"estimates":[156],"orientation":[160],"more":[165],"accurately":[166],"than":[167],"previous":[168],"systems.":[169],"Also,":[170],"when":[171],"number":[173],"increases,":[177],"paper":[179],"shows":[180],"performance":[183],"improves.":[184],"Finally,":[185],"experiment":[186],"results":[187],"shown":[189],"from":[190],"was":[195],"implemented":[196],"evaluated.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}