{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2599882013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030632","title":"Novel Approach for the Recognition and Prediction of Multi-Function Radar Behaviours Based on Predictive State Representations","display_name":"Novel Approach for the Recognition and Prediction of Multi-Function Radar Behaviours Based on Predictive State Representations","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2599882013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030632","mag":"2599882013","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28335492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17030632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030632","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/632/pdf?version=1490092898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/632/pdf?version=1490092898","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109373555","display_name":"Jian Ou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongguang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongguang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Tracking & Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Tracking & Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039451244","display_name":"Feng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1275-3352"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642607","display_name":"Jin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-698X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113575088","display_name":"Shunping Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunping Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109373555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.7828,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97689482,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"632","last_page":"632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6650477647781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5995320677757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5625374913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-warfare","display_name":"Electronic warfare","score":0.5390099883079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5141120553016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5011258125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.44778570532798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4386095404624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4307863712310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.356703519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33600419759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09191694855690002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6650477647781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5995320677757263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5625374913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133082901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272826","display_name":"Electronic warfare","level":3,"score":0.5390099883079529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5141120553016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5011258125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44778570532798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4386095404624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4307863712310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.356703519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33600419759750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09191694855690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17030632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030632","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/632/pdf?version=1490092898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28335492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28335492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bc1a95ae33f648a280d73e0b5ec49fcc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bc1a95ae33f648a280d73e0b5ec49fcc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 3, p 632 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/3/632/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 3; Pages: 632","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5375918","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5375918","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17030632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030632","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/3/632/pdf?version=1490092898","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2599882013.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2599882013.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1142155495","https://openalex.org/W1182702830","https://openalex.org/W1426280032","https://openalex.org/W1490675691","https://openalex.org/W1531268951","https://openalex.org/W1540337045","https://openalex.org/W1972627967","https://openalex.org/W1986506190","https://openalex.org/W1994217726","https://openalex.org/W2016079660","https://openalex.org/W2016131854","https://openalex.org/W2042830238","https://openalex.org/W2063146632","https://openalex.org/W2066410824","https://openalex.org/W2074390567","https://openalex.org/W2074881611","https://openalex.org/W2084129892","https://openalex.org/W2088322911","https://openalex.org/W2095015174","https://openalex.org/W2113592174","https://openalex.org/W2115790511","https://openalex.org/W2117421927","https://openalex.org/W2152387323","https://openalex.org/W2171587954","https://openalex.org/W2283644562","https://openalex.org/W2284339649","https://openalex.org/W2398374871","https://openalex.org/W2442224097","https://openalex.org/W2524760054","https://openalex.org/W2531162019","https://openalex.org/W2538037923","https://openalex.org/W3104185298","https://openalex.org/W4298227433","https://openalex.org/W6600784183","https://openalex.org/W6627304228","https://openalex.org/W6627981980","https://openalex.org/W6677537444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W4367555392","https://openalex.org/W2374664672","https://openalex.org/W2056136368","https://openalex.org/W1709888430","https://openalex.org/W2960950421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23],"extensive":[1],"applications":[2],"of":[3,15,59,68,98,108,125,152],"multi-function":[4],"radars":[5],"(MFRs)":[6],"have":[7,65],"presented":[8],"a":[9,31,157,163],"great":[10],"challenge":[11],"to":[12,37,54,121,179],"the":[13,45,55,62,66,93,104,117,123,140,144,150,170],"technologies":[14],"radar":[16],"countermeasures":[17],"(RCMs)":[18],"and":[19,40,57,70,82,175],"electronic":[20,27],"intelligence":[21],"(ELINT).":[22],"recently":[24],"proposed":[25,85,94,171],"cognitive":[26],"warfare":[28],"(CEW)":[29],"provides":[30],"good":[32],"solution,":[33],"whose":[34],"crux":[35],"is":[36,84],"perceive":[38],"present":[39],"future":[41,153],"MFR":[42,60,79,99,126,131,159],"behaviours,":[43],"including":[44],"operating":[46,96],"modes,":[47],"waveform":[48],"parameters,":[49],"scheduling":[50],"schemes,":[51],"etc.":[52],"Due":[53],"variety":[56],"complexity":[58],"waveforms,":[61],"existing":[63],"approaches":[64],"drawbacks":[67],"inefficiency":[69],"weak":[71],"practicability":[72],"in":[73,116,162],"prediction.":[74],"A":[75],"novel":[76],"method":[77],"for":[78],"behaviour":[80],"recognition":[81],"prediction":[83],"based":[86],"on":[87,127],"predictive":[88,105],"state":[89],"representation":[90],"(PSR).":[91],"With":[92],"approach,":[95],"modes":[97],"are":[100,114,166],"recognized":[101],"by":[102,137,149],"accumulating":[103],"states,":[106],"instead":[107],"using":[109,139],"fixed":[110],"transition":[111],"probabilities":[112],"that":[113,169],"unavailable":[115],"battlefield.":[118],"It":[119],"helps":[120],"reduce":[122],"dependence":[124],"prior":[128],"information.":[129],"And":[130],"signals":[132],"can":[133],"be":[134],"quickly":[135],"predicted":[136,141],"iteratively":[138],"observation,":[142],"avoiding":[143],"very":[145],"large":[146],"computation":[147],"brought":[148],"uncertainty":[151],"observations.":[154],"Simulations":[155],"with":[156],"hypothetical":[158],"signal":[160],"sequence":[161],"typical":[164],"scenario":[165],"presented,":[167],"showing":[168],"methods":[172],"perform":[173],"well":[174],"efficiently,":[176],"which":[177],"attests":[178],"their":[180],"validity.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}