{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2588491653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17020359","title":"Mitigating Multipath Bias Using a Dual-Polarization Antenna: Theoretical Performance, Algorithm Design, and Simulation","display_name":"Mitigating Multipath Bias Using a Dual-Polarization Antenna: Theoretical Performance, Algorithm Design, and Simulation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2588491653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17020359","mag":"2588491653","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28208832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17020359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17020359","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/2/359/pdf?version=1486985003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/2/359/pdf?version=1486985003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114929210","display_name":"Lin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-5473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8500-5473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043550848","display_name":"Xiaowei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006311179","display_name":"Sihao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sihao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-1911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032262275","display_name":"Mingquan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7767-6661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingquan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043550848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":52.1683,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99558126,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"359","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.9130178093910217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-mitigation","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","score":0.783187985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6259040236473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rake-receiver","display_name":"Rake receiver","score":0.6042128205299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5576062798500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-spread","display_name":"Delay spread","score":0.4945089519023895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-polarization-interferometry","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","score":0.4552539587020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4438523054122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.4262959361076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37826329469680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3267630338668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3266872763633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21608662605285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.1662501096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.9130178093910217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776015439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25313558","display_name":"Multipath mitigation","level":4,"score":0.783187985420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6259040236473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23486597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125543","display_name":"Rake receiver","level":4,"score":0.6042128205299377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5576062798500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49456836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666814","display_name":"Delay spread","level":4,"score":0.4945089519023895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161926555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799470","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","level":3,"score":0.4552539587020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4438523054122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.4262959361076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37826329469680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3267630338668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3266872763633728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21608662605285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.1662501096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17020359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17020359","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/2/359/pdf?version=1486985003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28208832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28208832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57a8ed2229414610aeb80beab92d6430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57a8ed2229414610aeb80beab92d6430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 2, p 359 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/2/359/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17020359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 2; Pages: 359","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5336018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5336018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17020359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17020359","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/2/359/pdf?version=1486985003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262241297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MHRD20140102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324522","funder_display_name":"Civil Aviation Administration of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4874801715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant MHRD20140102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324522","funder_display_name":"Civil Aviation Administration of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5748296005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant U1333203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8172585593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1333203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324522","display_name":"Civil Aviation Administration of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gfwht30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2588491653.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2588491653.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52595059","https://openalex.org/W103231290","https://openalex.org/W168675387","https://openalex.org/W277897619","https://openalex.org/W1200378901","https://openalex.org/W1506735200","https://openalex.org/W1543490811","https://openalex.org/W1586378919","https://openalex.org/W1596188256","https://openalex.org/W1918828337","https://openalex.org/W1986804786","https://openalex.org/W2014390817","https://openalex.org/W2029759815","https://openalex.org/W2071758630","https://openalex.org/W2072541100","https://openalex.org/W2118511407","https://openalex.org/W2120789315","https://openalex.org/W2137045656","https://openalex.org/W2138722406","https://openalex.org/W2141832450","https://openalex.org/W2161623414","https://openalex.org/W2200234307","https://openalex.org/W2319178839","https://openalex.org/W2405435672","https://openalex.org/W2526295953","https://openalex.org/W2533084625","https://openalex.org/W2602743276","https://openalex.org/W2609597958","https://openalex.org/W2615575680","https://openalex.org/W2619928949","https://openalex.org/W6713646352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977152704","https://openalex.org/W3117915744","https://openalex.org/W768388283","https://openalex.org/W4220924845","https://openalex.org/W1574430796","https://openalex.org/W1916663633","https://openalex.org/W1935231794","https://openalex.org/W2052432379","https://openalex.org/W3130617165","https://openalex.org/W2125264923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,145],"well":[2],"known":[3],"that":[4,12,139],"multipath":[5,36,44,72,85,112,131,151,158,222,228],"effect":[6],"remains":[7],"a":[8,43,52,134,141,146,173,237],"dominant":[9],"error":[10,37],"source":[11],"affects":[13],"the":[14,39,64,69,78,81,102,108,126,130,155,166,169,178,185,197,206,224,227,259,264],"positioning":[15],"accuracy":[16],"of":[17,60,80,84,96,110,157,168,188,221,226,258],"Global":[18],"Navigation":[19],"Satellite":[20],"System":[21],"(GNSS)":[22],"receivers.":[23],"Significant":[24],"efforts":[25],"have":[26,91],"been":[27,92],"made":[28],"by":[29,172],"researchers":[30],"and":[31,71,94,154,176,204,254],"receiver":[32],"manufacturers":[33],"to":[34,62,107,183],"mitigate":[35],"in":[38,190,210],"past":[40],"decades.":[41],"Recently,":[42],"mitigation":[45,86,113,132,152,159,229],"technique":[46],"using":[47,88,133,140,267],"dual-polarization":[48,89,117,135,150,174,207,238],"antennas":[49,90],"has":[50],"become":[51],"research":[53],"hotspot":[54],"for":[55,149,223,246],"it":[56],"provides":[57],"another":[58],"degree":[59],"freedom":[61],"distinguish":[63],"line-of-sight":[65],"(LOS)":[66],"signal":[67,74,170,193],"from":[68],"LOS":[70],"composite":[73],"without":[75],"extensively":[76],"increasing":[77],"complexity":[79],"receiver.":[82],"Numbers":[83],"techniques":[87,114],"proposed":[93,260],"all":[95,219],"them":[97],"report":[98],"performance":[99,187,257],"improvement":[100],"over":[101,263],"single-polarization":[103,142],"methods.":[104],"However,":[105],"due":[106],"unpredictability":[109],"multipath,":[111],"based":[115],"on":[116,196],"are":[118],"not":[119],"always":[120],"effective":[121,233],"while":[122],"few":[123],"studies":[124],"discuss":[125],"condition":[127],"under":[128],"which":[129,144],"antenna":[136,175],"can":[137],"outperform":[138],"antenna,":[143],"fundamental":[147,202],"question":[148,203],"(DPMM)":[153],"design":[156],"algorithms.":[160],"In":[161],"this":[162,201],"paper":[163],"we":[164,199,235],"analyze":[165],"characteristics":[167],"received":[171,192],"use":[177],"maximum":[179,241],"likelihood":[180,242],"estimation":[181,243],"(MLE)":[182],"assess":[184],"theoretical":[186],"DPMM":[189],"different":[191],"cases.":[194],"Based":[195],"assessment":[198],"answer":[200],"find":[205],"antenna's":[208],"capability":[209],"mitigating":[211],"short":[212],"delay":[213],"multipath-the":[214],"most":[215],"challenging":[216],"one":[217,266],"among":[218],"types":[220],"majority":[225],"techniques.":[230],"Considering":[231],"these":[232],"conditions,":[234],"propose":[236],"sequential":[239],"iterative":[240],"(DP-SIMLE)":[244],"algorithm":[245,262],"DPMM.":[247],"The":[248],"simulation":[249],"results":[250],"verify":[251],"our":[252],"theory":[253],"show":[255],"superior":[256],"DP-SIMLE":[261],"traditional":[265],"only":[268],"an":[269],"RHCP":[270],"antenna.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
