{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2564343929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010050","title":"Literature Review: Theory and Application of In-Line Inspection Technologies for Oil and Gas Pipeline Girth Weld Defection","display_name":"Literature Review: Theory and Application of In-Line Inspection Technologies for Oil and Gas Pipeline Girth Weld Defection","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2564343929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010050","mag":"2564343929","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28036016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17010050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/1/50/pdf?version=1483002039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/1/50/pdf?version=1483002039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101810301","display_name":"Qingshan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9423-9706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingshan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["PetroChina Pipeline Company, Langfang 065000, China","School of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PetroChina Pipeline Company, Langfang 065000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047899849","display_name":"Rui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-0276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["PetroChina Pipeline Company, Langfang 065000, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-0276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PetroChina Pipeline Company, Langfang 065000, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082460183","display_name":"Baohua Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-303X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14894300","display_name":"Foshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xvvvp28","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14894300"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baohua Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, FoShan University, Foshan 528000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, FoShan University, Foshan 528000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14894300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054518224","display_name":"Shucong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-3406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098369","display_name":"Institute of Disaster Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyv1r78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369","https://openalex.org/I90149893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shucong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018134023","display_name":"Lian-Yu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["PetroChina Pipeline Company, Langfang 065000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PetroChina Pipeline Company, Langfang 065000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113353372","display_name":"Hong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4766-4221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047899849","https://openalex.org/A5101810301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293","https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.0101,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93366936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"50","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/girth","display_name":"Girth (graph theory)","score":0.7238990068435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.6251290440559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.5718204975128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.56749027967453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-testing","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","score":0.5571585893630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5217679142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.5168593525886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-leakage","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","score":0.5140691995620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4182710349559784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.37403368949890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.3537270426750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.32945895195007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.09317487478256226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777434295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959831","display_name":"Girth (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.7238990068435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.6251290440559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.5718204975128174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.56749027967453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139730468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779355","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","level":3,"score":0.5571585893630981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5217679142951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.5168593525886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390394","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","level":3,"score":0.5140691995620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4182710349559784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37403368949890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3537270426750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.32945895195007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.09317487478256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17010050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/1/50/pdf?version=1483002039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28036016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28036016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d9a63984b6aa4a48bb9597184aa0c8aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d9a63984b6aa4a48bb9597184aa0c8aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 17, Iss 1, p 50 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/17/1/50/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17010050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 17; Issue 1; Pages: 50","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5298623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5298623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s17010050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/1/50/pdf?version=1483002039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2564343929.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2564343929.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575956200","https://openalex.org/W1967039969","https://openalex.org/W1970599032","https://openalex.org/W1975677963","https://openalex.org/W1976002426","https://openalex.org/W1976692507","https://openalex.org/W1979404483","https://openalex.org/W1982620445","https://openalex.org/W1984917298","https://openalex.org/W1994115765","https://openalex.org/W1994321379","https://openalex.org/W1998382092","https://openalex.org/W2005138044","https://openalex.org/W2006142093","https://openalex.org/W2013048543","https://openalex.org/W2016545509","https://openalex.org/W2021629455","https://openalex.org/W2022097222","https://openalex.org/W2023806777","https://openalex.org/W2027411799","https://openalex.org/W2027635975","https://openalex.org/W2036340311","https://openalex.org/W2039302633","https://openalex.org/W2042353798","https://openalex.org/W2044659309","https://openalex.org/W2045497058","https://openalex.org/W2047219314","https://openalex.org/W2059611438","https://openalex.org/W2069984843","https://openalex.org/W2070108399","https://openalex.org/W2070801241","https://openalex.org/W2074797681","https://openalex.org/W2079992857","https://openalex.org/W2081119669","https://openalex.org/W2082101046","https://openalex.org/W2083586880","https://openalex.org/W2083804624","https://openalex.org/W2088755685","https://openalex.org/W2090899511","https://openalex.org/W2095307226","https://openalex.org/W2107324539","https://openalex.org/W2113986425","https://openalex.org/W2133667417","https://openalex.org/W2144658323","https://openalex.org/W2164507089","https://openalex.org/W2167323806","https://openalex.org/W2317614076","https://openalex.org/W2348288830","https://openalex.org/W2351036831","https://openalex.org/W2351266197","https://openalex.org/W2355897445","https://openalex.org/W2356650776","https://openalex.org/W2359814582","https://openalex.org/W2362438345","https://openalex.org/W2369163489","https://openalex.org/W2369408261","https://openalex.org/W2372396131","https://openalex.org/W2372930122","https://openalex.org/W2376211380","https://openalex.org/W2376489107","https://openalex.org/W2378715402","https://openalex.org/W2378844680","https://openalex.org/W2379062791","https://openalex.org/W2379561653","https://openalex.org/W2379582443","https://openalex.org/W2380372174","https://openalex.org/W2380411878","https://openalex.org/W2382911524","https://openalex.org/W2383705793","https://openalex.org/W2392125506","https://openalex.org/W2393166755","https://openalex.org/W2394174085","https://openalex.org/W2942348319","https://openalex.org/W4233226708","https://openalex.org/W4250618763","https://openalex.org/W4254654131","https://openalex.org/W6646002458","https://openalex.org/W6694966527","https://openalex.org/W7000496240","https://openalex.org/W7006629244","https://openalex.org/W7066647933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902977491","https://openalex.org/W2101676717","https://openalex.org/W2104071141","https://openalex.org/W2350501127","https://openalex.org/W4241743597","https://openalex.org/W2351461750","https://openalex.org/W2165594630","https://openalex.org/W2577089618","https://openalex.org/W2767051368","https://openalex.org/W890166521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Girth":[0],"weld":[1,16,37,97,126],"cracking":[2,17],"is":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,29,39,70,120],"the":[6,26,34,45,53,56,102],"main":[7],"failure":[8],"modes":[9],"in":[10,55],"oil":[11,40,92,121],"and":[12,22,41,44,50,66,84,93,110,113,118,122],"gas":[13,42,94,123],"pipelines;":[14],"girth":[15,36,96,125],"inspection":[18,67,83,90,129],"has":[19],"great":[20],"economic":[21],"social":[23],"significance":[24],"for":[25,91,105,116],"intrinsic":[27],"safety":[28],"pipelines.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"introduces":[33,101],"typical":[35],"defects":[38],"pipelines":[43],"common":[46],"nondestructive":[47],"testing":[48],"methods,":[49],"systematically":[51],"generalizes":[52],"progress":[54],"studies":[57],"on":[58],"technical":[59],"principles,":[60],"signal":[61],"analysis,":[62],"defect":[63,127],"sizing":[64],"method":[65],"reliability,":[68],"etc.,":[69],"magnetic":[71],"flux":[72],"leakage":[73],"(MFL)":[74],"inspection,":[75,78,112],"liquid":[76],"ultrasonic":[77],"electromagnetic":[79],"acoustic":[80],"transducer":[81],"(EMAT)":[82],"remote":[85],"field":[86],"eddy":[87],"current":[88],"(RFDC)":[89],"pipeline":[95,124],"defects.":[98],"Additionally,":[99],"it":[100],"new":[103],"technologies":[104],"composite":[106],"ultrasonic,":[107,109],"laser":[108],"magnetostriction":[111],"provides":[114],"reference":[115],"development":[117],"application":[119],"in-line":[128],"technology.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}