{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2567290379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122180","title":"A Novel Probabilistic Data Association for Target Tracking in a Cluttered Environment","display_name":"A Novel Probabilistic Data Association for Target Tracking in a Cluttered Environment","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2567290379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122180","mag":"2567290379","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27999347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16122180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2180/pdf?version=1482147545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2180/pdf?version=1482147545","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011575768","display_name":"Xiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-5922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-5922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017078676","display_name":"Yaan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-9780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-9780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763916","display_name":"Yuxing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5035-223X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029364045","display_name":"Jing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-6490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-6490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434107","display_name":"Xiaohua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-5552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017078676"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":8.1213,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97198995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"2180","last_page":"2180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7614402770996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-association","display_name":"Data association","score":0.7120102643966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6965333223342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6656360030174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5985929369926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5945340394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5610414743423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.5244507789611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.488130658864975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4350380599498749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7614402770996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983325608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084606","display_name":"Data association","level":3,"score":0.7120102643966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6965333223342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6656360030174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5985929369926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5945340394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5610414743423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5244507789611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.488130658864975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4350380599498749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16122180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2180/pdf?version=1482147545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27999347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27999347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/12/2180/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16122180","pdf_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16122180","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 12; Pages: 2180","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd369c40cfd54e99935ba99dab5c9cb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd369c40cfd54e99935ba99dab5c9cb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 2180 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5191159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5191159","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16122180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122180","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2180/pdf?version=1482147545","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2668191884","display_name":"\u8d85\u4f4e\u4fe1\u566a\u6bd4\u6c34\u4e0b\u76ee\u6807\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u632f\u5b50\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11574250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6806524263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51179157","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7691664285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51409214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2567290379.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2567290379.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552746160","https://openalex.org/W1965305830","https://openalex.org/W1987804397","https://openalex.org/W2048161719","https://openalex.org/W2063695849","https://openalex.org/W2071617288","https://openalex.org/W2083643725","https://openalex.org/W2088000350","https://openalex.org/W2105905583","https://openalex.org/W2106873007","https://openalex.org/W2113677822","https://openalex.org/W2117397690","https://openalex.org/W2121827990","https://openalex.org/W2142515220","https://openalex.org/W2143549911","https://openalex.org/W2154616225","https://openalex.org/W2362062999","https://openalex.org/W2383731381","https://openalex.org/W2438462094","https://openalex.org/W7064937738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002739602","https://openalex.org/W1968042686","https://openalex.org/W2897881820","https://openalex.org/W2345647014","https://openalex.org/W1602763373","https://openalex.org/W2005337052","https://openalex.org/W2201192772","https://openalex.org/W2161960196","https://openalex.org/W3136891595","https://openalex.org/W1964819397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"problem":[1],"of":[2,23,49,71,172],"data":[3,30,35,124,139],"association":[4,31,36,47,125,140],"for":[5,109,169],"target":[6,24,63,111,146,173],"tracking":[7,69,76,174],"in":[8,79,103,147,175],"a":[9,28,33,57,80,100,104,133,144,148,176],"cluttered":[10,82,106,150,178],"environment":[11,83],"is":[12],"discussed.":[13],"In":[14],"order":[15],"to":[16,60,95,142],"improve":[17],"the":[18,46,62,68,72,121,156,160],"real-time":[19],"processing":[20],"and":[21,54,86,167],"accuracy":[22],"tracking,":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27],"probabilistic":[29,123,138],"algorithm,":[32],"novel":[34],"algorithm":[37,74,131,141,162],"using":[38,56,132],"distance":[39],"weighting":[40],"was":[41],"proposed,":[42],"which":[43],"can":[44,163],"enhance":[45],"probability":[48],"measurement":[50],"originated":[51],"from":[52],"target,":[53],"then":[55],"Kalman":[58],"filter":[59],"estimate":[61],"state":[64],"more":[65,165],"accurately.":[66],"Thus,":[67],"performance":[70],"proposed":[73,161],"when":[75,90],"non-maneuvering":[77],"targets":[78,92],"densely":[81,105,149,177],"has":[84],"improved,":[85],"also":[87],"does":[88],"better":[89],"two":[91],"are":[93],"parallel":[94],"each":[96],"other,":[97],"or":[98],"at":[99],"small-angle":[101],"crossing":[102],"environment.":[107,151,179],"As":[108],"maneuvering":[110,145],"issues,":[112],"usually":[113],"with":[114,120],"an":[115,129],"interactive":[116,135],"multi-model":[117],"framework,":[118],"combined":[119,134],"improved":[122,130],"method,":[126],"we":[127],"propose":[128],"multiple":[136],"model":[137],"track":[143],"Through":[152],"Monte":[153],"Carlo":[154],"simulation,":[155],"results":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"be":[164],"effective":[166],"reliable":[168],"different":[170],"scenarios":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
