{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2558946586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122055","title":"Coordinate-Based Clustering Method for Indoor Fingerprinting Localization in Dense Cluttered Environments","display_name":"Coordinate-Based Clustering Method for Indoor Fingerprinting Localization in Dense Cluttered Environments","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2558946586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122055","mag":"2558946586","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27918454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16122055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2055/pdf?version=1480677391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2055/pdf?version=1480677391","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wen Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 10 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 10 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016764397","display_name":"Xiao Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-0063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 10 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-0063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 10 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102222671","display_name":"Zhongliang Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-8613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongliang Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 10 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, No. 10 Xitucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016764397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8796,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77001827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"2055","last_page":"2055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7742381691932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7497904300689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.7346617579460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7124541997909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6836665868759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.5330063104629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4509080648422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4433850646018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.4276527762413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4130380153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3533306121826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.30606383085250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13796421885490417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7742381691932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7497904300689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.7346617579460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7124541997909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6836665868759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.5330063104629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4509080648422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4433850646018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.4276527762413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4130380153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3533306121826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30606383085250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13796421885490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16122055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2055/pdf?version=1480677391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27918454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27918454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65aa75b7b411467f892ab421bcd1ede3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65aa75b7b411467f892ab421bcd1ede3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 16, Iss 12, p 2055 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/16/12/2055/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16122055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 16; Issue 12; Pages: 2055","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5191036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5191036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s16122055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122055","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2055/pdf?version=1480677391","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1021649409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 61372110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2056709844","display_name":"\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5bfc\u822a\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u4fe1\u53f7\u7d27\u8026\u5408\u6d4b\u8ddd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61372110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2558946586.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2558946586.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1773440002","https://openalex.org/W2001579261","https://openalex.org/W2006036128","https://openalex.org/W2020912091","https://openalex.org/W2025658338","https://openalex.org/W2051376734","https://openalex.org/W2079850979","https://openalex.org/W2093494890","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2134098199","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2228705210","https://openalex.org/W2269623880","https://openalex.org/W2276986197","https://openalex.org/W2295978289","https://openalex.org/W2318477679","https://openalex.org/W2325116053","https://openalex.org/W2341720557","https://openalex.org/W2370035765","https://openalex.org/W2402514617","https://openalex.org/W2403864116","https://openalex.org/W2408343751","https://openalex.org/W2517005111","https://openalex.org/W2550697389","https://openalex.org/W2605049919","https://openalex.org/W3099682841","https://openalex.org/W6713440441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3044810324","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W3005924041","https://openalex.org/W1988145424","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W2601478304","https://openalex.org/W2063488330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"positioning":[1,81,128,184],"technologies":[2,31],"has":[3,42],"boomed":[4],"recently":[5],"because":[6,49],"of":[7,21,50,68,102],"the":[8,19,66,79,94,100,127,132,152,156,163],"growing":[9],"commercial":[10],"interest":[11,46],"in":[12,24,131,146],"indoor":[13,36,60,90,115,147],"location-based":[14],"service":[15],"(ILBS).":[16],"Due":[17],"to":[18,57,106,138],"absence":[20],"satellite":[22],"signal":[23],"Global":[25],"Navigation":[26],"Satellite":[27],"System":[28],"(GNSS),":[29],"various":[30],"have":[32],"been":[33,43],"proposed":[34,123],"for":[35,114,189,193,200],"applications.":[37],"Among":[38],"them,":[39],"Wi-Fi":[40],"fingerprinting":[41,89,116],"attracting":[44],"much":[45],"from":[47],"researchers":[48],"its":[51],"pervasive":[52],"deployment,":[53],"flexibility":[54],"and":[55,98,135,162,169,174,198],"robustness":[56,137],"dense":[58,139],"cluttered":[59,140],"environments.":[61,141],"One":[62],"challenge,":[63],"however,":[64],"is":[65,121],"deployment":[67,96,134],"Access":[69],"Points":[70],"(AP),":[71],"which":[72],"would":[73],"bring":[74],"a":[75],"significant":[76],"influence":[77],"on":[78,86],"system":[80,183],"accuracy.":[82],"This":[83],"paper":[84],"concentrates":[85],"WLAN":[87],"based":[88],"location":[91],"by":[92,186],"analyzing":[93],"AP":[95,133],"influence,":[97],"studying":[99],"advantages":[101],"coordinate-based":[103,111],"clustering":[104,112,179,209],"compared":[105,205],"traditional":[107,207],"RSS-based":[108,208],"clustering.":[109],"A":[110],"method":[113],"location,":[117],"named":[118],"Smallest-Enclosing-Circle-based":[119],"(SEC),":[120],"then":[122],"aiming":[124],"at":[125],"reducing":[126],"error":[129],"lying":[130],"improving":[136],"All":[142],"measurements":[143],"are":[144],"conducted":[145],"public":[148],"areas,":[149],"such":[150,211],"as":[151,171,212],"National":[153],"Center":[154],"For":[155],"Performing":[157],"Arts":[158],"(as":[159],"Test-bed":[160,172,190,194,201],"1)":[161],"XiDan":[164],"Joy":[165],"City":[166],"(Floors":[167],"1":[168,197],"2,":[170],"2),":[173],"results":[175],"show":[176],"that":[177],"SEC":[178],"algorithm":[180],"can":[181],"improve":[182],"accuracy":[185],"about":[187],"32.7%":[188],"1,":[191],"71.7%":[192],"2":[195,202,204],"Floor":[196,203],"73.7%":[199],"with":[206],"algorithms":[210],"K-means.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}